基于中国山水文化的当代公共园林营造实践

Construction Practice of Contemporary Public Garden Based on Chinese Landscape Culture

中国园林具有深厚的人文精神和审美意蕴,其文化内涵和主题精髓是山水文化,也是中国园林区别于西方园林及其他园林艺术的根本所在。通过对中国山水文化与山水思想的溯源,认为中国园林是在山水审美与山水诗画基础上进行的立体时空创造,是中国山水艺术的重要载体。提出了中国园林山水营造的4种境界,即游历自然,寄情真山水;遗貌取神,诗画假山水;缩移模拟,壶中天地宽;以形媚道,山水比德。并以一次造园实践为依托,解析了如何在当代公共景观中进行山水营造,以达到既符合当代审美需求,又彰显场地特征与文化价值,还蕴含文人情趣与精神意境的多元统一,实现对中国优秀山水园林艺术的继承发展。

Chinese gardens have a profound humanistic spirit and aesthetic connotations.The cultural connotation and the essence of Chinese gardens are landscape culture,which is the fundamental difference between Chinese gardens and Western gardens and other garden arts.By tracing the origin of Chinese landscape culture and landscape thought,it is believed that Chinese gardens are three-dimensional space-time creations based on landscape aesthetics and landscape poetry and painting,which is the important carrier of Chinese landscape art.Four realms created by Chinese garden landscapes are proposed,namely,travel through nature and express love to the true landscape;retain the spirit instead of the form,poetic natural landscape;shrink simulation,the world is wide in the pot;fatter the way with shape and compare virtue with the landscape.Finally,relying on a gardening practice,it analyzes how to build landscapes in contemporary public landscapes to meet contemporary aesthetic needs,highlight the site characteristics and cultural values,and also contain the plural unity of literati’s interest and spiritual mood.Realize the inheritance and development of China’s excellent landscape garden art.