北京万泉河流域园林集群发展历史及理水特征研究

Research on the Development History and Water Management Characteristics of Garden Clusters in the Wanquan River Basin in Beijing

清代万泉河流域水网密布,其丰沛的水源和优越的地理条件滋养了北京西北郊的园林集群,成为海淀“三山五园”地区园林营造的关键性要素。万泉河流域的园林营建,体现出园林水景营造与水资源利用的紧密结合。梳理清代万泉河流域历史,结合该流域自然条件及水资源概况,通过文献研究、图解分析等方法,归纳出水源调蓄与园林营建的耦合、水利工程与园林造景的协同、水质保育与水景营造的统一等三方面该流域理水特征。通过对万泉河流域理水手法的梳理与探究,总结传统理水智慧并应用于现代城市建设。继而从恢复风貌的整体性、保护遗产的原真性、增强实用功能性三个角度,探索如何保护与传承该流域古代园林所构成的景观体系。

In the Qing Dynasty,the Wanquan River basin was densely covered with a water network,and its abundant water sources and superior geographical conditions nourished the garden clusters in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing and became a key element in the construction of gardens in the“Three Mountains and Five Gardens”area of Haidian.The garden construction in the Wanquan River basin refects the close integration of garden waterscape construction and urban water resources utilization.The article sorts out the history of the Wanquan River basin in the Qing Dynasty,combined with the natural conditions of the basin and the general situation of water resources,through literature research,graphic analysis,and other methods,summarizes the coupling of water source regulation and storage and garden construction;the synergy between water conservancy engineering and garden water management;the unifcation of water quality conservation and waterscape construction are the characteristics of garden water management in the basin.The traditional wisdom of water management is summarized and applied in modern urban construction through the combing and exploration of the water management techniques in the Wanquan River basin.Then,from the three perspectives of the integrity of the style,the authenticity of the heritage,and the practical function,it explores how to protect and inherit the landscape system composed of the ancient garden.