世界文化遗产韩国良洞村山水结构与建筑布局特征研究

Study on the Integration Characteristics of Architecture and Landscape in the World Cultural Heritage Yangdong Village in South Korea

传统村落是人类文明的重要载体,村落与自然融为一体的山水空间格局所蕴藏的生态智慧,对生态保护及生态建设具有重要指导意义。韩国最具代表性的历史村落良洞村的格局符合传统村落自然山水田园的选址需求,整个村子与周围环境融为一体,在村落选址、结构布局、建筑特色等方面带有鲜明的地域性,是当地时代变迁的重要见证。利用GIS空间分析等方法,通过坡度、标高、坡向、四季的太阳辐射、不同建筑所处的地理位置等影响因子分析韩国良洞村的自然特征,确定该村落的山水空间结构,总结庆州良洞村建筑与山水的融合特性,更好地理解人与自然和谐共处关系的本质,将独具特色的生态智慧更好地应用于当代中国传统村落保护中,推动世界文化遗产的保护与发展。

Traditional villages are an essential carrier of human civilization,and the ecological wisdom contained in the spatial pattern of landscapes and rivers integrating villages and nature has important guiding signifcance for ecological protection and ecological construction.The layout of Yangdong village,the most representative historical village in South Korea,meets the site selection needs of the traditional village’s natural landscape and pastoral garden.The whole village is integrated with the surrounding environment,with distinct regionality in terms of village site selection,structural layout,architectural characteristics,etc.,which is an essential witness to the changes of local times.The purpose of this study is to use GIS spatial analysis and other methods to analyze the natural characteristics of Yangdong Village in South Korea through the infuencing factors of the slope,elevation,aspect,solar radiation in all seasons,geographical location of different buildings,etc.,to determine the spatial structure of the landscape of the village,summarize the integration characteristics of the architecture of Gyeongju Yangdong Village and the landscape,better understand the essence of the harmonious coexistence relationship between man and nature,and better apply the unique ecological wisdom to the protection of traditional villages in contemporary China,and the protection and development of world cultural heritage will be promoted.