域外商标使用侵权行为法律规制的困境与出路

The Dilemma and Solutions of Legal Regulation of the Extraterritorial Trademark Infringement

受经济全球化和新技术革命的影响,商标已成为各类企业跨越国界进入新市场的重要标识和竞争内容,并导致跨境商标侵权纠纷日趋增多。对实质性损害我国商标权人利益的域外商标使用侵权行为,我国法院能否突破地域性限制予以规制在司法审判实践中尚有争议。基于规范市场竞争和商标权保护价值目标的正当性,在特殊情况下,我国商标法应可以规制域外商标使用侵权行为。通过考察欧盟和美国商标法规制域外商标使用侵权行为的标准及其适用,可以认为,在我国相关司法实践中适用实质性影响标准具有其合理性和可行性。当域外行为人实施我国商标法禁止的侵权行为,且该行为对我国商业利益产生实质性影响、损害我国商标权人利益时,商标法应规制域外商标使用侵权行为或将其纳入国内商标侵权判断的考量范围。

Affected by economic globalization and new technologies,trademarks have become an important sign and competition content for all kinds of enterprises to enter new markets across national borders,resulting in more and more cross-border trademark infringement disputes.When infringements occur overseas and have a substantial effect on the interests of Chinese trademark owners,whether Chinese courts can break through the territoriality of trademarks to regulate and administer such acts is still controversial in judicial practice.Based on the legitimacy of regulating the relevant market competition and the value objective of trademark protection,under special circumstances,Chinese Trademark Law has the right to regulate the infringement of extraterritorial trademark use.By examining the standards and application of EU and US trademark laws to regulate infringement of extraterritorial trademark use,it can be considered reasonable and feasible to apply the substantive effect test in relevant judicial practice in China.When an extraterritorial actor intentionally commits an infringing act prohibited by Chinese Trademark Law,and the act has a substantial effect on Chinese trademark interests and commercial activities,the Trademark Law should break through the strict territoriality restrictions,regulate infringing acts of extraterritorial trademark use,or include it into the consideration of domestic trademark infringement judgment.