利益平衡视角下双边投资协定例外条款的扩张与限缩

The Expansion and Contraction of Exceptions in Bilateral Investment Treaties from the Perspective of Interest Balance

国际投资协定实体条款改革和投资者与东道国争端解决机制程序改革并行不悖。例外条款在协定文本和仲裁实践中呈现背离的发展趋势。近年来,国际投资协定纳入例外条款的数量和种类均快速增长,表明主权国家在“正当性危机”的背景下强化国家规制权,并回应新的安全风险。国际投资仲裁庭适用例外条款时,则在条款效力、适用阶段等问题上采用限缩解释,以防止例外条款滥用。中国在未来谈判和修订国际投资协定时应以总体国家安全观为立足点,以利益平衡为出发点,补充纳入并区分种类设置例外条款,同时在《外商投资法》的配套立法中适当构建例外条款适用路径,既要发展也要安全,推动形成全面开放新格局的同时维护中国的合法规制权。

The reform of international investment treaties goes along with the reform of investor-state investment arbitration mechanism.The text and practice of exception clause manifest opposite development tendency.Recently states include more categories of exceptions in IIAs to strengthen the host states’regulatory power under the“legitimate crisis”and respond to new security risks.Meanwhile,international investment tribunals tend to restrict the application of exception clauses to prevent the abuse of exceptions.The design of China’s future IIAs should be guided by the overall national security outlook and the principle of interest balance.The Chinese IIAs should include exception clauses and design according to different risks.Moreover,China’s Foreign Investment Law should also clarify securities in IIAs,so as to balance development and security,and to maintain China’s regulatory power while deepening the opening-up.