“技术”大循环是新时代推动形成高质量区域经济布局的关键路径

A broad technological cycle: Key pathway to construct high-quality regional economic layout in the new era

进入高质量发展阶段之后,发达地区对技术要素的“虹吸效应”不断加剧,技术要素的扩散空间呈现持续收窄的趋势,部分欠发达地区和经济转型困难地区的技术活跃度降低。这已成为新时期制约我国高质量区域经济布局形成的突出矛盾之一。从新时代经济增长的动力转换和新技术要素的经济特性来看,我国在推动高质量经济布局的过程中,应立足于“技术产业生态圈”的建设来优化政策供给,实施更加“区域化”和“产业化”的创新政策,在欠发达地区和转型困难地区创造广泛的新技术应用场景,以需求带动技术要素向这些地区流动与渗透。加快发达地区对欠发达地区对口技术援助制度的改革创新,推动技术要素“下沉”。更好地发挥中央政府对技术要素均衡布局的宏观调控功能,加大对地区间技术竞争的协调力度;基于地区间的技术互补在整个国土空间范围内构建技术“大循环”,为所有地区的高质量发展提供技术支撑。

The effective circulation of technical elements among regions is a prerequisite for achieving high-quality regional economic layout.This paper uses the data of technology market transactions at the provincial level to perform the evolution trend analysis about China’s technology elements across-regional flows.Some key points are summarized from the research.In the new era of transition towards high-quality development,the“siphon effect”of technological elements caused by developed regions is becoming more intensive,and the technological diffusion space across different regions has shown evident shrinking trend.As a result,the dynamics of technological activity has kept on declining in some less-developed,distressed regions or old-industrial base along with the new wave of economic transition,and the technological gap with developed regions has further widened.Following the“declining”,it has become more difficult to form a new economic growth path based on new technologies for those left-behind regions.The excessive concentration of technological elements into a fewer and fewer areas,not only limits the aggregate demand growth of the technology market,indirectly increases the sum cost of technological innovation in China,but also brings greater uncertainty risks to the technology supply chain and the supply chain of high-tech products.This is major challenge for China to narrow the regional gap and build a new pattern of regional development.The paper highlights a new thinking about regional policy for increasing gaps within the country from the perspective of the power conversion of economic growth and the economic characteristics of new technological elements.It should be urgent and prioritized to promote the effective flow and optimize spatial layout of technical elements in the whole country.This is most key policy initiative responding to achieve high-quality economic layout.These include:First,optimize policy supply from the view of construction of the“technological industry ecosystem”,implement more“regional”and“industrial”innovation policies,give priority to fiscal,tax reduction and other subsidy policies to expand targeted investment in digital infrastructure in less developed and left-behind regions,improve the local labor’s digital skills,and input more policy resource,which relation to these place’s technological absorb ability comply with economic transition.Second,select some peripheral areas with strategic succession characteristics,such as peripheral cities in urban agglomerations or economic functional zones at the junction of multiple administrative regions,and build a certain number of technology-clusters,based on the principles of government-led and non-competitive,which have different technological direction with developed regions.Third,integrate the need of comprehensive regional development strategies,such as smart cities,low-carbon cities,eco-cities and smart villages into spatial policy,to broaden the range of policy tool selection,create more application scenarios and effective demands for emerging technologies,and lead more technological elements flow and penetration towards specific sectors and selected places.Fourth,accelerate institutional reform and innovation about counterpart technical assistance between developed regions and left-behind regions.Moreover,to implement a new round of interregional cooperation and technical assistance may be required from national government,aim to guide the“sink”of technical elements into diverse place,and form an effective technology cycle network within national space,ensure a fair opportunity access the new technology for left-behind place.At the same time,it is also necessary to enhance re-distributive function of regional policy to coordinate and balance spatial pattern of technical elements being consistent with national economic benefit and development goal,particularly,better the balance of technological competition among regions in terms of different local conditions.Finally,the macro-level interventions and supportive policy are need to generate an open“big circulation”of technological elements base on relative technological advantage of different places to guarantee the economic revival and prosperity for all kinds of regions.