长三角高校科技创新效率及其时空演化——基于沪、苏、浙、皖41市的实证分析

The Efficiency of Science and Technology Innovation in Colleges and Universities and Its Spatial-Temporal Evolution in the Yangtze River Delta:An Empirical Study Based on 41 Cities in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui

加强长三角高校科技创新对区域创新体系建设和高质量一体化发展具有重大意义。基于2013—2017年长三角41市的微观面板数据,运用DEA-VRS模型和Malmquist指数法测评市域高校科技创新效率,利用ESDA和收敛检验方法探究其时空演化特征。研究发现:长三角高校科技创新技术效率较高,总体逐年上升,但增速放缓,主要原因是规模效率增加,但规模效应趋于衰减;高校科技创新全要素生产率年均增长率略有下降,期间波动较大,表现为先降后升,但后劲不足,主要原因是技术进步不足;长三角高校科技创新技术效率的空间集聚性和依赖性总体呈减弱趋势,且时序差异趋于缩小,存在显著σ-收敛和绝对β-收敛,显示高校科技创新效率朝着区域一体化发展格局演进。未来要重视基于投入—产出相对效率评价逻辑的高校科技创新绩效评价;推动技术进步,促进长三角高校融入区域协同创新体系;跨越行政边界,努力形成高校科技创新效率一体化发展新格局。

It’s of great significance to strengthen scientific and technological innovation of colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta for the construction of regional innovation system and the development of higher quality integration.Based on micro-panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2013 to 2017,the DEA-VRS model and the Malmquist index method were used to measure and evaluate scientific and technological innovation efficiency of universities in those cities,and ESDA and convergence test methods were used to explore the spatial-temporal pattern evolution characteristics.The study shows the following:the technological efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta is relatively high,showing a continuous rise on the whole but a slow growth rate,which mainly due to the increase in scale efficiency,while the scale effect tends to decline.However,the annual growth rate of total factor productivity of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities declines slightly.In this sample period,the annual change fluctuates greatly,which is manifested as the decrease first and then the rise but the lack of staying power.The main factor was the lack of technological change and the lag behind the technical efficiency.The spatial agglomeration and dependence of science and technological innovation efficiency in colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta are generally weakening,and temporal difference tends to narrow,with significantσ-convergence and absoluteβ-convergence,indicating that efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities is evolving towards the pattern of regional integration.In the future,the attention should be paid to the scientific and technological innovation performance evaluation of colleges and universities based on the input-output relative efficiency evaluation logic;the technological progress should be improved and the colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta should be promoted to integrate the regional collaborative innovation system;going beyond the administrative boundary,the integrated development new pattern of colleges and universities’science and technology innovation efficiency should be established.