劳氏粘虫的发生危害和防治研究进展

Research progress on the occurrence,damage and control of Mythimna loreyi(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

劳氏粘虫Mythimna loreyi是粘虫Mythimna seperata的近缘种,两者在形态上相近,为害特征基本相同,但在不同地区的发生危害规律可能存在一定差异。近些年来,劳氏粘虫在许多国家和地区频繁暴发危害,已成为一种普遍发生的农业害虫。为今后深入研究劳氏粘虫的暴发成灾规律和综合防控技术,本文在分析国内外研究资料的基础上,对劳氏粘虫的研究进展进行了综述。目前,劳氏粘虫已分布于亚洲、欧洲、非洲、大洋洲和北美洲的近80个国家和地区。以幼虫取食危害玉米、水稻和小麦等多种禾本科作物和杂草;3龄前幼虫食量小,5-6龄幼虫食量增大,进入暴食期。幼虫具有聚集性、杂食性和暴食性,成虫具有迁飞性,发生危害时具有隐蔽性、偶发性和暴发性。劳氏粘虫的发生和为害规律常因地区、年份和季节的不同而存在差异。气候条件、食物和天敌是影响劳氏粘虫发生危害的主要因素,而气候因素、人类活动和害虫的生物学特征是导致近些年来劳氏粘虫发生范围扩大,危害程度加重的重要原因。性诱剂、天敌和生物农药是近些年来劳氏粘虫生物防治研究的主要方向。根据目前劳氏粘虫在我国的发生情况及研究现状,我们建议今后从以下3个方面开展工作:(1)借鉴粘虫的防控策略和防治经验,从空中和地面两个方面加强预测预报工作,建立和完善预测预报系统;(2)从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学防治等方面开展综合防治工作;(3)将生物技术和现代农业信息技术等现代化的技术和方法应用于暴发成灾规律和综合防治研究中,并建立综合防控技术系统。

Mythimna loreyi is a relative species of Mythimna seperata.The two pest species are similar in morphology and have basically the same damage characteristics,but there may be some differences in the occurrence and damage rules in different regions.In recent years,M.loreyi has become a common agricultural pest with frequent outbreaks in many countries and regions.In order to deeply study the outbreak law and to comprehensively prevent and control this pest,we summarized its research status based on the analysis of domestic and foreign research data in this article.At present,M.loreyi has been distributed in nearly 80 countries and regions in Asia,Europe,Africa,Oceania and North America.The larvae of this pest feed on a variety of gramineous crops and weeds,such as corn,rice and wheat.Before the 3rd instar,the larvae eat less,the 5th-6th instar larvae eat more,and enter the gluttony stage.The larvae of M.loreyi are aggregative,omnivorous and gluttonous,and the adults are migratory.The damage caused by this pest is covert,sporadic and fulminant.There are differences in the law of the occurrence and damage of M.loreyi due to different regions,years and seasons.Climatic conditions,food and natural enemies are the main factors that affect its damage.At the same time,it is pointed out that climatic factors,human activities and the biological characteristics of M.loreyi are the important factors that have led to its occurrence expansion and damage aggravation in recent years.Sex attractants,natural enemies and biological pesticides are the main research directions in the biological control of this pest in recent years.Based on the occurrence and research status of M.loreyi in China,the following three aspects are suggested to be carried out in the future work:(1)By learning from the prevention and control strategies and experience of M.seperata,strengthening the prediction and forecast of M.loreyi from two aspects of air forecast and ground forecast;(2)carrying out comprehensive prevention and control work from agricultural control,physical control,biological control and chemical control;and(3)applying modern technologies and methods such as biotechnology and modern agricultural information technology to study the law of outbreak and disaster,integrated prevention and control of M.loreyi,and to establish the comprehensive prevention and control technology systems.