石门县植烟土壤主要肥力指标特征

Characteristics of Main Fertility Indexes of Tobacco Planting Soil in Shimen County

为了解石门县烟区植烟土壤主要养分特征及其与海拔的相互关系,采集烟区429个土样,研究了不同海拔植烟土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的适宜性分布特征,并分析了其与海拔的量化关系。结果表明:石门县烟区植烟土壤pH值主要为中至碱性,但低海拔区存在酸化现象;土壤有机质和碱解氮含量整体适宜,有效磷和速效钾含量总体较高,主要肥力指标基本可满足优质烤烟生产的要求;海拔对石门烟区植烟土壤主要肥力指标影响显著,其中海拔与pH值呈显著上升的曲线关系,在海拔200~700 m间,土壤pH值随着海拔的增加快速上升,当海拔>700 m时,植烟土壤pH值变化相对平稳;海拔与有机质呈显著反抛物线相关关系,在海拔200~500 m间,土壤有机质含量随着海拔的增加下降;当海拔>500 m时,植烟土壤有机质含量随着海拔的增加快速上升;海拔与碱解氮含量呈显著波浪型曲线关系,在海拔200~500 m和900~1200 m间,土壤碱解氮含量随着海拔的增加下降;而在海拔500~900 m间,植烟土壤有碱解氮含量随着海拔的增加而上升;海拔与有效磷及速效钾之间呈显著的线性关系,土壤有效磷及速效钾均随海拔增加而升高。针对不同海拔的烤烟生产,石门烟区需制定差异性的施肥及保土措施,低海拔植烟区需防止土壤酸化,增施有机肥和磷钾肥;高海拔区需适当调酸,适量施用磷钾肥和有机肥,以实现烤烟优质可持续生产。

In order to understand the main nutrient characteristics of tobacco planting soil in Shimen tobacco area and its relationship with altitude,429 soil samples were collected from the tobacco area to analyze the suitability distribution characteristics of pH value,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in tobacco planting soil at different altitudes and its quantitative relationship with altitude.The results showed that pH value of tobacco planting soil in Shimen tobacco area was mainly from neutral to alkaline,but soil acidification existed in low altitude area;the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen were suitable for planting tobacco as a whole,the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium was high on the whole,the main fertility indexes could basically meet the requirements of high quality tobacco production.The effect of altitude on the main fertility indexes of tobacco planting soil in Shimen tobacco area was significant;there was a significantly increasing curve relation between altitude and pH value.When the altitude was 200-700 m,the soil pH value increased rapidly with the increase of altitude;while when the altitude was more than 700 m,pH change was relatively stable.Organic matter showed a significant inverse parabolic correlation with altitude.When the altitude was 200-500 m,the soil organic matter content decreased with the increase of altitude,when the altitude was more than 500 m,it increased rapidly with the increase of altitude.Available nitrogen showed a significant wavy curve relationship with altitude.When the altitude was 200-500 m and 900-1200 m,the content of soil available nitrogen decreased with the increase of altitude,when the altitude was 500-900 m,it increased with the increase of altitude.Available phosphorus and available potassium showed a significant linear relationship with altitude,their contents all increased with the increase of altitude.For tobacco production at different altitutes,different fertilization and soil conservation measures should be formulated in Shimen tobacco planting area.In low altitude tobacco planting areas,soil acidification should be controlled,and organic,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased;while,in high altitude areas,appropriate acid adjustment should be conducted,and phosphorus,potassium and organic fertilizers should be applied properly,so as to achieve high quality and sustainable production of flue-cured tobacco.