叶面喷施微肥对玉竹产量和品质的影响

Effects of Spraying Foliar Micro-Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Polygonatum odoratum

在玉竹花期和果期叶面喷施不同量(低浓度5 kg/hm^(2);中浓度15 kg/hm^(2);高浓度25 kg/hm^(2))的锌(Zn)、硼(B)、钼(Mo)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)微量元素肥料,考察不同微肥对玉竹叶片光合性能以及块茎生物量和品质的影响,并确定微肥的最佳用量。结果表明:叶面喷施中低浓度的Fe肥后,可增强玉竹叶片的光合性能,并通过增加玉竹新生块茎的重量和直径来提高产量,玉竹块茎总多糖含量也比对照提高了34.2%~75.3%;另外,叶面喷施5 kg/hm^(2)的Zn肥、B肥和Mo肥后,玉竹块茎总皂苷含量分别比对照提高了89.2%、80.7%和51.2%,总黄酮含量分别提高了80.4%、40.6%和59.7%。由此得出结论,在玉竹花期果期叶面喷湿5~15 kg/hm^(2)的Fe肥,既可以有效提高玉竹产量又能增加玉竹块茎总多糖含量。

In this study,the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum were sprayed with different amounts(low concentration 5 kg/hm^(2);medium concentration 15 kg/hm^(2);high concentration 25 kg/hm^(2))of trace element fertilizers including Zn,B,Mo,Fe and Mn at flowering and fruiting stages to investigate the effects of different trace element fertilizers on the photosynthetic performance of leaves as well as biomass and quality of Polygonatum odoratum tuber,and determine the optimal amount of micro-fertilizer.The results showed that spraying low and medium concentrations of foliar Fe fertilizer could increase the photosynthetic performance of Polygonatum odoratum leaves,it also could increase the weight and diameter of new tuber in Polygonatum odoratum,thus improving the yield of Polygonatum odoratum tuber,whose total polysaccharide content also increased by 34.2%-75.3%compared to the control.In addition,after spraying 5 kg/hm^(2)Zn,B,Mo fertilizers,the total saponin content in Polygonatum odoratum tuber increased by 89.2%,80.7%and 51.2%,respectively,and the total flavonoid content increased by 80.4%,40.6%and 59.7%,respectively,compared to the control.Therefore,it was concluded that spraying 5-15 kg/hm^(2)foliar Fe fertilizer at flowering and fruiting stages of Polygonatum odoratum not only could effectively improve the yield of Polygonatum odoratum but also increase the total polysaccharide content of Polygonatum odoratum tuber.