体制为先与严分体制:钱钟书的“辨体”理论

Style First and Strictly Distinguishing Style: Qian Zhongshu’s Theory of Distinguishing Style

文体观念是钱钟书文学观念的重要组成部分,这在其《谈艺录》《管锥编》等著作中都有集中体现。他往往在引述历代经典文体文献并分析比较的基础上,给出自己独到的文体批评见解和论断。在其文体观念之中,“辨体”这一古代文体学理论的核心范畴又是其用力所在,主要包括体制为先与亦遵格式、严分体制与得体失体、严于辨体与文体界限三个方面。通过对其著述中相关辨体文献的辑录整理和分类分析,系统地构建其辨体理论批评体系。

The concept of style is an important part of Qian Zhongshu’s literary concept, which is embodied in his works such as Tan Yi Lu and Guan Zhui Bian. On the basis of quoting and analyzing the classical literature of the past dynasties, he often gives his own unique opinions and judgments. Among his stylistic concepts, “style discrimination”, the core category of ancient stylistic theory, is the key to his strength. The main content includes three aspects: first, style first and follow the format;second, the strict distinction between style and style consistent with style and against style;the third is to strictly distinguish the style and style of the boundary. Through the collation and analysis of the literature related to his works, we have systematically constructed his theoretical criticism system of style discrimination.