清末蒙古族现代高等教育之滥觞

The Origination of Mongolian Modern Higher Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末内忧外患的清廷被迫改变治蒙政策,使得长期处于封闭状态的蒙地得以解禁,与内地同步开始向现代转型。在清末新政的教育改革过程中,在满清朝廷、蒙地官吏以及各部蒙古王公的共同努力下,蒙古民族教育也开始由传统走向现代。清末新政中创办的满蒙文高等学堂是西学东渐的产物,是蒙古民族第一个具有现代高等教育性质的综合性高等院校;同期举办的陆军贵胄学堂与贵胄法政学堂由部门举办,开启了蒙古民族专科高等教育的帷幕;而殖边学堂则是由在京蒙古王公发起和组织的一种公办官助性质的高等学校,是速成边政人才培养模式的有益探索。这三类高等教育机构的诞生标志着蒙古族现代高等教育的滥觞。

At the end of The Qing Dynasty,the Qing court was forced to change its policy of ruling Mongo-lia,which had been closed for a long time,and Mongol region began to transform to modern times simultaneously with the mainland.In the educational reform process of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,under the joint ef-forts of the Manchu court,Mongolian local officials and the Mongol princes and dukes,Mongolian education also began to change from tradition to modern.Founded in the late Qing New Deal,Manchu-Mongol Language College was the product of Western learning introduction,was the first Modern Mongolian comprehensive higher education institution.the Nobles Army College and the Nobles Thammasat College were organized by department of govern-ment,opened the curtain of specialty higher education for Mongolian.Launched by Mongol princes and dukes in Peking,Zhi Bian College is a state-run,government-support institution,it’s a kind of useful exploration of short term talent cultivating for borderland administration.The birth of these three kinds of higher education institu-tions marked the beginning of Mongolian modern higher education.