我国金融借贷利率上限规制的重构

The Restructuring of the Upper Limit of China’s Financial Lending Interest Rate

目前我国利率采取“双轨制”规制模式,民间借贷利率设置上限规制,金融借贷利率采用市场化模式。当前各类金融机构高利借贷现象普遍,不仅表现在借贷利率的高利率,还表现在利用逾期利率、罚息和各种费用等隐性利率来提高实际利率。目前对于我国金融机构是否可以高利借贷存在争议,导致司法裁判中存在“类案不同判”。无论从经济发展还是社会责任承担来看,高利放贷是全社会应该打击的对象。立法层面有必要对借贷利率规制模式进行调整。首先,应该将金融借贷利率纳入上限范围统一规制;其次,应该根据不同用途的贷款设置不同的上限利率,对于消费贷款利率采取更低一点的上限保护;最后,对于隐性利率构成范围进行区分,违约损害赔偿款项和支付给中介机构的费用不应纳入利率范围予以规制。

At present,China’s interest rate adopts a“dual-track system”regulatory model,the private lending interest rate is regulated by a ceiling,and the financial lending interest rate adopts a market-oriented model.The phenomenon of usurious lending in various financial institutions is common,not only in the high interest rate of various types of lending interest rates,but also in the use of hidden interest rates such as overdue interest rates,penalty interest rates and various fees to increase revenue.At present,there is a controversy over whether China’s financial institutions can borrow at high interest rates,resulting in different judgments in judicial adjudication cases.Whether from the perspective of economic development or social responsibility,usurious lending is the object that the whole society should crack down on.At the legislative level,it is necessary to adjust the regulatory model of borrowing interest rates.First of all,the financial lending interest rate should be included in the scope of the upper limit.Secondly,different upper limit interest rates should be set for different types of loans for different purposes,and a lower upper limit can be set for consumer loan interest rates.Finally,for the scope of implicit interest rate composition,the amount of default damages and the fees paid to intermediaries should not be included in the scope of interest rates to be regulated.