教育错配对劳动力幸福感的影响机制研究

The Influence Mechanism of Education Mismatching on Labor Force s Well-being

基于社会比较理论,使用2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,以教育适配者为参照点,从工作、教育水平两个视角考察教育错配对劳动力幸福感的影响。研究发现,中国劳动力市场存在比较普遍的教育错配现象;相比相同工作的教育适配者,教育不足者的幸福感显著降低,工资在其中起部分中介作用,且教育不足通过工资对幸福感的负向效应在低社会公平感下比高社会公平感下更强;相比相同教育水平的教育适配者,教育过度者的幸福感显著降低,工资在其中起部分中介作用,社会公平感的调节效应同样成立。使用工具变量法及进行稳健性检验,教育错配对幸福感的负向影响依然成立。因此,企业应落实同工同酬政策,政府应优先考虑对社会公平感提升作用更大的公共服务建设,从而构建幸福社会。

Based on the social comparison theory,this paper uses the 2017 China General Social Survey(CGSS)data,adopts multiple linear regression analysis and Bootstrap method,and takes the education suiters as the reference point,to investigate the impact of education mismatching on labor force well-being from the perspectives of job and education level.It is found that there is a widespread educational mismatching in China s labor market.Compared with the educational suiters of the same job,the well-being of the under-educated decreased significantly,and the wage played a partial mediating role.The negative effect of the under-educated on well-being through the wage was stronger under the low social justice perception than under the high social justice perception.Compared with educational suiters of the same level of education,over-educated people s well-being decreased significantly.The mediating role of wages and the moderating effect of social justice perception were also established.The negative effect of education mismatching on well-being remained stable when using instrumental variable method and robustness test.So,employees should receive equal pay for equal work,and the government should give priority to the public services that have a greater effect on improving the sense of social equity to build a happy society.