安徽省亳州市早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果及影响因素分析

Screening results and factor analysis of retinopathy of prematurity in Bozhou City of Anhui Province

目的探讨安徽省亳州市早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查结果及影响因素。方法收集2017年1月—2020年6月在安徽省亳州市人民医院儿科住院并于出院前后进行眼底筛查的568例早产儿的临床资料,分析早产儿发生ROP的影响因素。结果568例早产儿中,检出ROP 55例(患病率为9.7%),其中ROP 1期病变26例、2期病变12例、2期plus病变7例、3期病变10例,未检出4期、5期病变。不同出生胎龄早产儿的ROP发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同出生体质量早产儿的ROP发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ROP早产儿与非ROP早产儿在吸氧持续时间>3 d、机械通气、输血方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROP早产儿与非ROP早产儿在性别、分娩方式、胎膜早破和胎数方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论出生胎龄越小,出生体质量越轻,早产儿的ROP检出率越高。吸氧持续时间超过3 d、机械通气和输血均是ROP发病的危险因素。

Objective To investigate screening results and influencing factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in Bozhou City of Anhui Province. Methods Clinical data of 568 premature infants who hospitalized in department of pediatrics and received fundus examination before discharge were collected, and the related factors for ROP were analyzed. Results In 568 premature infants, ROP developed in 55 infants and the incidence of ROP was 9.7%, including 26 cases in stage 1, 12 cases lesions in stage 2, 7 cases in stage 2 plus disease, 10 cases in stage 3, but no one was in stage 4 and 5. The incidence rates of ROP showed statistically significant differences in premature infants with different gestational age and birth weights(P<0.01). There were significant differences in oxygen inhalation >3 d, mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion between the non-ROP group and ROP group(P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in gender, delivery mode, premature rupture of membranes and number of fetus between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of ROP are higher in premature infants with smaller gestational age and lower birth weight. The oxygen inhalation time over 3 d, mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion are risk factors for ROP.