基于三角模糊结构元的地下商场火灾风险评估

Fire risk assessment of underground shopping malls based on triangular fuzzy structuring element

为提升地下商场火灾风险评价系统的可靠性,减少单值评分在指标隶属度赋值中带来的误差,应用三角模糊结构元确定隶属度的方法,结合层次分析法计算指标权重,由风险定义出发,从火灾发生可能性与火灾严重性两个维度,建立了地下商场火灾风险评价三级指标体系。利用三角结构元的几何特征,对火灾风险等级进行排序,并将此评价算法编入程序,开发出地下商场火灾风险评估软件,实现了评价系统的可视化操作。用此系统对沈阳市某地下商场进行了火灾风险评估,得到该商场的火灾风险等级排序:较低风险>低风险>较高风险>高风险>中风险,评价结果为较低风险,与实际消防安全情况一致,验证了三角模糊结构元在地下商场火灾风险评价中的适用性和可靠性。

In order to improve the reliability of fire risk assessment system for underground shopping malls and reduce the errors brought about by single-value scoring in the assignment of index affiliation,a three-level index system for fire risk evaluation of underground shopping malls is established by applying the method of triangular fuzzy structured elements to determine the affiliation degree,combining the hierarchical analyses to calculate the index weights,and starting from the definition of risk,from the two dimensions of fire occurrence possibility and fire severity.Using the geometric characteristics of triangular structural elements to rank the fire risk level,the evaluation algorithm is programmed to develop fire risk evaluation software for underground shopping malls,which realizes the visual operation of the evaluation system.This system is used to assess the fire risk of an underground shopping mall in Shenyang.And the fire risk ranking of the mall is obtained as:lower risk>low risk>higher risk>high risk>medium risk.The evaluation result of lower risk is consistent with the actual fire safety situation,which verifies the applicability and reliability of the triangular fuzzy structure element in the fire risk evaluation of underground shopping malls.