摘要
退休人口重返劳动力市场已成为全球老龄化进程中的一个新趋势。中国老龄化速度之快世界少有,劳动力供给持续减少,法定退休年龄偏早,但退休人口劳动参与率始终很低。较高的养老金替代率、较低的人力资本水平、快速变化的劳动力需求、家庭照料负担以及不友好的劳动力市场制度,共同阻碍了退休人口重返劳动力市场。挖掘老年人力资源潜力是世界各国积极应对老龄化的重要举措,当前中国老年人力资源开发最为行之有效的举措是延迟法定退休年龄,最大挑战是人力资本短板,需要建立终身学习体系和就业友好型的劳动力市场制度。
There is a new trend that the retirees return to the labor market in the process of global aging.The speed of population aging in China is so fast that it is rare all over the world and the labor supply continues to decrease.Although the legal retirement age is relatively early, the labor participation rate of the retirees remains very low.Higher pension replacement rate, lower human capital level, rapidly changing labor demand, family care burden and unfriendly labor market system jointly hinder the retirees from returning to the labor market.Developing the potential of human resources for the elderly is an important measure for all countries in the world to actively respond to aging.At present, the most effective measure for China’s elderly human resources development is to delay the legal retirement age.The biggest challenge is the short board of human capital.It is necessary to establish a lifelong learning system and an employment friendly labor market system.
作者
程杰
李冉
CHENG Jie;LI Ran(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100009;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期143-155,共13页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“养老金制度与劳动力市场的协调性:中日比较研究”(71973151)
国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国人口转变的独特性、经济影响及政策研究”(72141310)。
