鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区湿地鸟类群落结构及其对水环境的响应

Community Structure of Wetland Birds and Its Response to Water Environment in Ordos Gull National Nature Reserve

2016—2019年对内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性及群落结构进行了调查,同时对水质指标进行了年度监测。保护区共记录到鸟类51种,隶属于9目13科,其中夏候鸟23种,旅鸟24种,留鸟4种。在鸟类区系方面,古北界鸟种1种,广布种50种。湿地鸟类群落物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均从2016年开始呈下降趋势,2018年开始回升,但未恢复到初始水平。水质指标测量结果显示,保护区水环境总体质量较差。虽然鸟类多样性和污染物综合指标变化相关性并不显著,但是从总体上看,2018年以来开展的多项环境改善项目成效明显,改善了湿地生态环境,扭转了湿地鸟类群落多样性降低的现象。

From 2016 to 2019,we investigated species diversity and community structure of wetland birds in Ordos Gull National Nature Reserve,and monitored the water quality annually.A total of 51 bird species,belonging to nine orders and 13 families,were recorded in the reserve,including 23 summer migratory birds,24 traveling birds and four resident birds.In terms of ornithology,there is one Palaearctic bird species and 50 widely distributed species.The species richness,diversity and evenness indices of wetland bird community decreased from 2016 to 2018,and slightly increased in 2018,but did not recover to the initial level.Water quality analysis showed that the overall water quality in the reserve was poor.Although there is no significant correlation between bird diversity and the change of comprehensive indicators of pollutants,a series of environmental projects implemented since 2018 have achieved significant outcomes,improving the ecological environment of wetlands and reversing the degradation of wetland bird population.