基于区域比较的东北国有企业效率评价

Efficiency Evaluation of State-owned Enterprises in Northeast China Based on Regional Comparison

国企效率提升对于东北振兴意义重大。以2013-2019年我国国有上市企业面板数据为样本,运用DEA研究方法,从静态与动态两方面对东北国企效率进行评价,并进行四大区域比较分析。研究发现:静态上,东北地区上市国企效率低于全国平均水平,且始终处于技术低效率的状态,资本与劳动要素投入冗余制约效率提升;动态上,东北地区上市国企的全要素生产率总体上升,但与东部地区存在差距,纯技术效率低是制约因素;进一步,不同行业之间的全要素生产率差异较大,需进行有针对性地改进。提升东北地区国企效率,重点在于提升企业的组织管理效率与资源配置效率。

The improvement of the efficiency of state-owned enterprises is of great significance to the revitalization of Northeast China. Taking the panel data of China’s state-owned listed enterprises from 2013 to 2019 as a sample, this paper evaluates the efficiency of state-owned enterprises in Northeast China from static and dynamic aspects by using DEA method, and makes a comparative analysis of four regions. The results show that: statically, the efficiency of listed state-owned enterprises in Northeast China is lower than the national average level, and is always in a state of low technical efficiency, and the redundant input of capital and labor factors restricts the improvement of efficiency;dynamically, the total factor productivity of listed stateowned enterprises in Northeast China increases, but there is a gap with that in eastern China,and the low pure technical efficiency is the constraint factor. Furthermore, the total factor productivity varies greatly among different industries, which requires targeted improvement. In order to improve the efficiency of state-owned enterprises in Northeast China, the focus should be on improving the efficiency of organization management and resource allocation.