清洗剂用烷基糖苷及其衍生物的研究进展

Research progress of alkyl glycosides and their derivatives for cleaning agents

清洗剂在生产生活中具有重要作用,烷基糖苷(APG)作为新型绿色表面活性剂,具有表面活性高、去污力强、生态毒性低及可生物降解等优点,是用于清洗剂的理想表面活性剂。但长烷基链APG水溶性和抗硬水能力差,限制了其应用范围。APG糖环上的羟基可与多种基团连接生成性能更加优异的衍生物,这些衍生物在克服糖苷缺点的同时又具有各自不同的特点,能够满足不同条件的清洗要求。该文介绍了清洗剂的去污机理和APG的合成工艺进展;详细综述了APG衍生物的分类、合成及在清洗剂中的应用;并对APG及其衍生物在清洗领域未来发展方向进行了展望。

Cleaning agent plays an important role in industrial production and daily life.As a novel green surfactant,alkyl glycoside(APG)has the advantages of high surface activity,strong decontamination,low ecotoxicity and complete biodegradability and is an ideal surfactant for cleaning agent.However,the poor water solubility and hard water resistance of long alkyl chain APG limit its extensive application.The hydroxyl groups on APG sugar ring can be connected with a variety of groups to form derivatives with better performance.The derivatives overcome the shortcomings of glycosides and increase more functions,thus have broad application prospects.The decontamination mechanism of cleaning agent and the progress of synthesis of APG are introduced.The classification,synthesis,and important applications of APG derivatives in cleaning agents are reviewed in detail.The future development direction of APG and its derivatives in the field of cleaning is also prospected.