非常规饲料原料营养价值及其在生猪高效养殖中的应用策略

Efficient Applications of Unconventional Feed Ingredients in Swine Production

玉米、豆粕是我国猪禽饲料中主要组成原料,其在配方中占比约60%-70%。2021年我国大豆和玉米进口量分别为9652万吨和2835万吨,大豆和玉米进口依赖性已成为制约我国畜牧业可持续发展的重要因素。同时。我国非常规饲料原料资源丰富,充分利用非常规饲料原料配制多元化饲料配方是减少玉米和豆粕饲用比例的重要技术手段。然而,非常规饲料原料通常存在抗营养因子含量高、易污染真菌毒素和氨基酸不平衡等问题,限制了其在生猪养殖中的应用。本文从饲料原料营养价值精准评价、饲料加工与预处理技术、生物酶技术、营养素平衡技术等方面概述了提高非常规饲料原料在生猪高效养殖中利用效率的策略,为降低配方中玉米。豆粕比例、提高生猪养殖效率提供科学依据。

Corn and soybean meal were the primary feed ingredients in pig and poultry'feed,accounting for 60%~70%of the feed formula.In 2021,amounts of importing corn and soybean meal reached to 28.35 million tons and 96.52 million tons.Therefore,the dependenced on corn and soybean meal import had become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China.Unconventional feed ingredients were rich in China.Use of unconventional feed ingredients to formulate a diversified feed formulas was an important strategy to reduce the proportion of corn and soybean meal in feed.However,there were some problems in application of unconventional feed ingredients,such as high concentrations of anti-nutritional factors,pollution of mycotoxin and imbalance of amino acids.This paper summarized the strategies for efficient utilization of unconventional feed ingredients in pig production to provide scientific insights for improving feed efficiency of pigs through using integrated technologies,including precisely evaluating the nutrient values of feed ingredients,feed processing and pretreatment technologies,biological enzymes supplementation and nutrients balancing.