道教名山胜境的气象景观研究——以温州洞天福地为例

Reasearch on the Meteorological Landscape of Famous Taoism Mountains:A Case Study of Wenzhou“Taoism Nature Sanctuary”(TNS)

温州全域遍布低山丘陵,卧于江流,濒临海洋,独特的地理环境造就了迥异的气象,在这样的气象背景下温州传统山岳空间道教洞天福地被赋予更甚的“神仙”色彩。重点关注其云雾、潮汐、海市蜃楼等气象景观,结合史料逐一呈现温州洞天福地中的气象景观表征,并对比温州与渤海湾地区之间地理结构、道教聚集、气象景观的耦合关系,阐明温州洞天福地在气象景观视角下的地域性特色及其区域性的研究价值。此外,从洞天福地的核心思想出发,探讨洞天福地气象景观与理想人居环境之间的渊源。该研究旨在发掘更多洞天福地气象景观资源的自然与人文价值,以洞天福地为名山胜境的代表,为洞天福地的道教风景名山建设提供一定的借鉴。

In traditional Chinese gardens,the products without artificial traces are emphasized.The meteorological landscape is formed by the nature which makes the scenery natural.The boundless meteorological landscape is an important climatic resource in the scenic spot—“Taoist Nature Sanctuary”(TNS).The combination of meteorological landscape and other landscapes often presents a unique artistic conception,which has the function of cultivating landscape.And the characteristics of meteorological landscaping involve three dimensions of time,space and perception,which can fully affect people’s feelings about the landscape.With the increasing attention to the construction and development of Chinese traditional Taoist mountains,meteorological landscapes have gradually received attention as a natural tourism resource.Taking the traditional Chinese Taoist garden Wenzhou“Taoist Nature Sanctuary”(TNS)as the carrier,combined with the geographical and cultural background of Wenzhou and the theory of“Taoist Nature Sanctuary”(TNS),it clarifies the connection between the meteorological landscape and the TNS in Wenzhou.From its geographical environment,Wenzhou is full of low mountains and hills,with the Donggong Mountains and Kuocang Mountains in the west,and the Yandang Mountains in the middle.In addition,there are many rivers in the territory,mainly including Ou River,Feiyun River and Ao River.And Wenzhou is adjacent to the East China Sea.Wenzhou has a unique geographical environment with mountains behind and facing the sea that makes Wenzhou have strong marine characteristics.This feature has brought a series of distinct meteorological landscapes to Wenzhou TNS,such as abundant clouds,mist and mirages.Also,there are many records of unique meteorological landscapes in ancient Wenzhou.It is confirmed that these meteorological landscapes does exist in this area.Further,it is combined with the meteorological landscape historical records of each Wenzhou TNS(The 18th TNS Huagai Mountain,The 3rd TNS Xianke Mountain,the 12th TNS Daruoyan,the 28th TNS Taoshan,and the 29th TNS Sanhuangjing).It can be seen that there is a great relationship between Wenzhou TNS and the meteorological landscape.Comparing Wenzhou area with the Bohai Bay area,it is found that they have a coupled geo-spatial structure and meteorological landscape.Not only do they have similar longitude zonal laws,but also there is also a subtle connection in geographical space.Similar geographical features have prompted the two to form a similar meteorological landscape.The two places are also Taoist gathering places,and the same meteorological landscape promoted by the coupled geographical environment reflects the importance of meteorological landscape in the study of TNS.It highlights the more regional characteristics of Wenzhou TNS from the perspective of meteorological landscape.The research value of the regional research of TNS is also more manifested from this perspective.The core of TNS is the idea of immortals,which extends from the core idea to the environmental elements of the“fairyland”,while the environmental elements of fairyland mainly include clouds,mist,mirages,etc.This kind of meteorological landscape has become a special cultural landscape under the theoretical support of the supernatural thoughts of the TNS,providing the dual perspective of the integration of humanity and nature for the protection and construction of the landscape.The attention to the meteorological landscape is able to emphasize the theoretical core of TNS,and this kind of landscape shows the unique charm of life.The eternal charm of life displayed by the meteorological landscape corresponds to the ecological thought in the TNS theory.The meteorological landscape can not only add a touch of brilliance to the landscape,but also the life foundation of the landscape.what behind the“fairyland”environment created by the meteorological landscape is an ideal model of human settlements.The“fairyland”environment rendered by natural meteorological landscapes such as clouds and mist is undoubtedly a warm and humid environment with a comfortable microclimate.The good clouds and mist conditions can be concluded that the hydrological conditions are naturally abundant.The rich hydrological conditions make the surrounding vegetation grow lush that forms a superior natural environment.This environment further breeds such a meteorological landscape.The good environment and meteorological landscape complement each other.As a space environment for“cultivating immortals”,TNS has gradually developed into an excellent environment with“self-cultivation”and excellent landscape in combination with the mysterious and unique meteorological landscape.TNS is not only a Taoist space,but also scenic area.Such a meteorological landscape can undoubtedly add ornamental value and increase its popularity,playing a certain role in the future construction of TNS in Wenzhou.Taking TNS as the representative of famous scenic mountains,it is hoped that more natural and humanistic values of meteorological landscape resources can be explored,and a certain reference value could be provided for the construction and development of famous Taoist scenic mountains.