奥林匹克运动“团结”精神的演进之路、现存困境和中国方案

“Solidarity” in the Olympic Movement:Evolution,Existing Dilemmas and China’s Solution

2021年,奥林匹克新格言入宪,再次凸显出“团结”精神在奥林匹克危机应对中的作用。以文献资料法研读奥林匹克文献档案,以历史研究法梳理奥林匹克运动“团结”精神的历史演进,发现:“团结”是奥林匹克运动一以贯之的价值追求,其内涵在不同时代因国际奥委会领导人的理念以及面对的分裂危机而呈现阶段性特征。但是面对全球意识形态多极化和新冠疫情影响下的世界分裂新态势,奥林匹克运动“团结”精神呈现出理论上概念表达游移不定、价值伦理含混不清、实践上对机械团结的路径依赖等困境。北京2022年冬奥会是奥林匹克运动“团结”精神的重大转机,以人类命运共同体代替西方体育文化共同体、以中国“和合”文化为理论参照,以中国力量推动奥林匹克运动“团结”精神实现有机转型,对于消解奥林匹克运动“团结”困境、实现奥林匹克运动“团结”精神的可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

In 2021,the new Olympic motto was enshrined in the Olympic Charter,which again highlighted the role of“solidarity”in coping with the Olympic crisis. By studying Olympic documents via literature review and sorting out the historical evolution of“solidarity”in the Olympics via historical research,this paper concludes that“solidarity”is the consistent value pursuit of the Olympic movement,and the connotation of“solidarity”has shown phased characteristics in different eras due to the different ideas held by the IOC leadership and due to different crises. However,facing the new trend of world division under the influence of global ideological multi-polarization and the COVID-19 pandemic,“solidarity”in the Olympics confronts dilemmas such as changing theoretical conceptual expression,ambiguous value ethics,and path dependence on mechanical solidarity. The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games offers a Chinese solution by replacing the western sports cultural community with a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind,taking China’s“harmony”culture as a theoretical reference,and promoting the organic transformation of“solidarity”in the Olympics with Chinese strength,which has significant practical and theoretical value in resolving the dilemmas and achieving sustainable development for “solidarity” in the Olympics.