江苏省启东市居民损伤和中毒死亡水平分析

Death levels of injury and poisoning among residents in Qidong City,Jiangsu Province

目的 了解1990—2019年江苏省启东市居民损伤和中毒死亡状况、死亡趋势、死因构成及减寿等情况,为制定公共卫生政策提供参考依据。方法 通过江苏省启东市居民死因登记监测系统收集1990—2019年启东市居民损伤和中毒死亡资料,计算粗死亡率(CR)和标化死亡率(CASR),潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、潜在寿命损失年数率(PYLLR)等指标,采用年度变化百分比(APC)分析损伤和中毒死亡趋势。结果 1990—2019年江苏省启东市居民因损伤和中毒死亡18 163人,CR为53.12/10万(APC=0.74%),CASR为39.43/10万(APC=-1.86%),男性CR为66.90/10万(APC=0.75%),CASR为52.42/10万(APC=-1.75%),女性CR为39.69/10万(APC=0.73%),CASR为26.63/10万(APC=-2.14%),标化死亡率均呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.001);损伤和中毒导致的PYLL为318 502.50人年(APC=-4.00%),AYLL为26.02年/人(APC=-3.26%),PYLLR为10.39‰(APC=-3.54%);损伤和中毒的前5位死亡原因依次是机动车交通事故、自杀、溺水、意外跌倒和意外中毒,占损伤和中毒死亡总数的87.17%;0~14岁儿童死亡的首位死因是溺水,15~44岁、45~64岁首位的死亡原因为机动车交通事故,65岁以上老年人的首位死因是意外跌倒。结论 损伤和中毒是江苏省启东市居民主要的死亡原因之一,不同性别、年龄的损伤和中毒的死亡分布特征不同,应根据其分布特征采取针对性和具体化的措施,降低死亡率。

Objective To understand the death status, mortality trend, cause of death and life loss of injury and poisoning among residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019,and to provide a reference for formulating public health policies. Methods Data on injury and poisoning death of residents in Qidong City from 1990 to 2019 were collected through the death cause registration and monitoring system of Qidong City, Jiangsu Province.Indicators such as crude death rate(CR) and standardized death rate(CASR),average years of lost life(AYLL),and potential years of life lost rate(PYLLR) were calculated.Annual percentage change(APC) was used to analyze the trend of death from injury and poisoning. Results From 1990 to 2019,18 163 residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province died of injuries and poisoning.The CR was 53.12/100 000(APC=0.74%),and the CASR was 39.43/100 000(APC=-1.86%).The male CR was 66.90/100 000(APC=0.75%),and the male CASR was 52.42/100 000(APC=-1.75%),while the female CR was 39.69/100 000(APC=0.73%),and the female CASR was 26.63/100 000(APC=-2.14%).Analysis of the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend year by year(P<0.001).PYLL caused by injury and poisoning was 318 502.50 person-years(APC=-4.00%),AYLL was 26.02 years/person(APC=-3.26%) and the PYLLR was 10.39‰(APC=-3.54%).The top five death causes of injury and poisoning are motor vehicle accidents, suicide, drowning, accidental falls and accidental poisoning, accounting for 87.17% of the total deaths from injuries and poisoning.Drowning was the leading cause of death for children aged from 0 to 14.Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of death for residents aged from 15 to 64,and accidental falls were the leading cause of death for residents over 65. Conclusion Injury and poisoning are one of the main causes of death among residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province.The distribution characteristics of injurie and poisoning deaths of different genders and ages are different.According to their distribution characteristics, targeted and specific measures should be taken to reduce mortality.