江苏地区呼吸道合胞病毒阳性患儿流行病学研究

Epidemiological study of positive children with respiratory syncytial virus in Jiangsu

目的 了解江苏地区呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)阳性患儿流行病学特点,为RSV感染的防治提供参考依据。方法 选取2018年6月至2020年6月呼吸道感染患儿11 574例,所有患儿均采用直接免疫荧光法测定RSV抗原;对RSV阳性标本测定其他6种呼吸道病毒,了解混合感染情况。结果:11 574份样本中RSV检出率为12.34%(1 428/11 574),RSV阳性患儿男女比例为1.92∶1(915/476);男性患儿检出率(12.79%)显著高于女性患儿(10.77%)(χ^(2)=10.951,P<0.05);1~12个月婴幼儿RSV阳性率显著高于12个月以上年龄组(χ^(2)=27.48,P<0.05);12~24个月组、24~36个月组、36个月~6岁组及6~12岁组RSV阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);11月至3月的RSV阳性率明显高于其他月份(χ^(2)=9.451,P<0.05);阳性率最高为2月(16.99%);1 428例RSV阳性病例中,其中148例混合感染至少一种其他呼吸道病毒,占RSV阳性病例的10.36%(148/1 428);其中117例为双重感染,31例为三重感染,RSV合并PIV3感染最多,有39例(26.35%)。结论:江苏地区呼吸道合胞病毒阳性患儿多集中于12个月以下婴幼儿,在11月至3月高发,应加强对12个月以下婴幼儿的防护,特别是住院病例和男性病例,混合感染较多。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) positive children in Jiangsu, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection. Methods A total of 11 574 children with respiratory tract infection from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected.RSV antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence assay in all children.Other 6 kinds of respiratory viruses were detected in RSV positive specimens to understand the mixed infection. Results The positive rate of RSV in 11 574 samples was 12.34%(1428/11 574),and the male to female ratio of RSV positive children was 1.92∶1(915/476).The detection rate of male children(12.79%) was significantly higher than that of female children(10.77%)(χ^(2)=10.951,P<0.05).The positive rate of RSV in infants aged 1-12 months was significantly higher than that in infants aged over 12 months(χ^(2)=27.48,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in RSV positive rate between 12-24 months group, 24-36 months group, 36-month-old group and 6-12 years group(P>0.05).The positive rate of RSV from November to March was significantly higher than that from other months(χ^(2)=9.451,P<0.05).The highest positive rate was 2 months(16.99%).Of the 1 428 RSV-positive cases, 148 were co-infected with at least one other respiratory virus, accounting for 10.36%(148/1 428) of the RSV-positive cases.Among them, 117 cases were double infection and 31 cases were triple infection.RSV combined with PIV3 infection was the most common in 39 cases(26.35%). Conclusion RSV positive children are mainly concentrated in infants under 12 months of age in Jiangsu province, and the incidence is high from November to March.The protection of infants under 12 months of age should be strengthened, especially in hospitalized cases and male cases, which are often mixed with infection.