孕妇孕期焦虑现状及其影响因素分析

Analysisof anxiety status among pregnant womenand influencing factors

目的探讨孕妇孕期心理状态及其影响因素,为产前心理咨询及心理健康教育提供依据。方法选择2021年1-4月于本院产科门诊产检的700名孕妇作为研究对象,采取问卷调查,收集孕妇的人口学资料,并采用焦虑量表(EAD-7)对产妇孕期焦虑进行调查,分析孕妇孕期的焦虑患病率,并分析孕妇孕期焦虑的影响因素。结果700名孕妇中,孕期焦虑208名(29.63%),其中造成孕妇孕期焦虑的影响因素主要为个人因素和家庭因素,个人因素包括年龄、是否常住深圳、文化程度、孕次,家庭因素包括居住方式、家庭年收入。通过多因素比较分析,家庭年收入<10万、孕次>2次和家庭年收入≥10万、孕次≤2次两组数据相比较,前者在孕期发生焦虑的孕妇中占比更高。而同样是孕次都>2次的两组数据中,文化程度在高中及以上产生焦虑的孕妇比文化程度在高中以下产生焦虑的孕妇占比更高。结论孕妇年龄大、文化程度高、孕次多、暂住人口、家庭年收入低等因素会引起孕妇孕期焦虑。提高孕妇健康水平、加强产前相关健康教育和心理疏导,可有效预防和减少孕妇孕前焦虑的发生。

Objective To explore the psychological state of pregnant women during pregnancy and its influencing factors,so as to provide basis for prenatal psychological counseling and mental health education.Methods A total of 700 pregnant women who underwent obstetrical examination in the obstetrical clinic of people's hospital of Longgang district in Shenzhen from January to April 2021 were investigated by questionnaire,the general data of pregnant women were collected,and maternal anxiety during pregnancy was investigated by anxiety scale(EAD-7).The prevalence rate of maternal anxiety during pregnancy was analyzed,and the influencing factors of maternal anxiety during pregnancy were discussed.Results Among the 700 pregnant women,208(29.63%)were suffering anxious during pregnancy.The main influencing factors of maternal anxiety during pregnancy were personal factors and family factors.Personal factors include age,habitual residence in Shenzhen,education level,pregnancy times,and family factors include living style and annual family income.The results of a multi-factor comparative analysis indicated that compared with the pregnancy women with the family annual income≤100,000 and pregnant>2 twice,the women with family annual income>100,000 and had≤2 pregnancies are more likely to suffer with pregnancy anxiety.Pregnant women with high school and above education level have a higher percentage of pregnancy anxiety than those with education level below high school.Conclusions From this study we can know that older age,higher education level,frequent pregnancies,temporary resident population,and low family income could cause pregnancy anxiety among pregnant women.Improving the health level of pregnant women,strengthening prenatal health education and psychological counseling could effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of pre-pregnancy anxiety.