汨罗湘语的持续体标记及其语法化来源

On the Markers of Durative Aspect in Miluo Dialect of Hunan and the Origin of Their Grammaticalization

湖南汨罗湘语的持续体标记极为丰富,多达22个,可分“状态持续”“事件持续”两种,其用法存在交叉,但各有独特的使用环境。其中,“事件持续”标记语义上还存在“使然”“非使然”之别。这些标记遵循东南部方言的演化规律,“状态持续”标记“起、到、得、住”由同形动词经动相补语或实现体助词阶段虚化而成,“起个、到个_(1)”则是持续体助词“起/到”与量词“个”发生词汇化的结果;“事件持续”标记结构上类似于唐宋白话中的“在里”,由介词结构语法化而来。

In Miluo dialect,a subbranch of Xiang dialects,there are about 22 markers of durative aspect,respectively indicating duration of states and duration of events.Though the usages of these durative markers overlap in certain contexts,each of them has its unique application environment.What is more,when used to express the duration of events,markers of durative aspect are able to be classified into two distinct semantic categories:“causation”and“non-causation”.In grammaticalization,these markers follow the evolution path in southeastern dialects.For example,the markers“起(qi)”,“到(dao)”,“得(de)”,and“住(zhu)”are formed through grammaticalization of homomorphic verbs that evolve into phrase complements or particles of perfective aspect.Besides,the two durative markers“起个(qige)”,“到个(daoge)”are the lexicalized results of the durative markers“起(qi)”,“到(dao)”and the classifier“个(ge)”.The structures of event duration markers are similar to“在里(zaili)”in the vernacular of Tang and Song Dynasties,which is the grammaticalized result of preposition.