高速受电弓气动减阻的仿真优化研究

SIMULATION OPTIMIZATION STUDY ON AERODYNAMIC DRAG REDUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED PANTOGRAPH

随着绿色环保的现代轨道交通设计理念发展,受电弓减阻成为制约高速列车提速的关键问题之一。高速列车运行时,受电弓暴露于流线型车体之外,是列车气动阻力的主要来源之一,随着列车速度的提高,受电弓的减阻问题亟待解决。本文针对某型高速受电弓,基于计算流体动力学仿真技术,分析了整弓气动阻力分布,确定滑板与底座的压差阻力是气动阻力的主要来源,提出了滑板流线型减阻外壳与底座包裹流线型减阻外壳的优化方案,并与原模型对比验证了减阻效果。计算表明,减阻模型在350 km/h运行时,整弓气动阻力在开口、闭口时分别降低25.13%与24.19%。

With the development of green and environmentally friendly modern rail transit design concept,pantograph aerodynamic drag reduction has become one of the key problems restricting the speed increase of high-speed train. When the high-speed train is running, the pantograph is exposed outside the streamlined body,which is one of the main sources of train aerodynamic drag. With the increase of train speed, the aerodynamic drag reduction problem of pantograph needs to be solved urgently. In this paper, the distribution of aerodynamic drag of the whole pantograph on a high-speed trail is simulated with computational fluid dynamics(CFD). It is found that the pressure drag of the contact strip and base is the main source of the aerodynamic drag.The optimization scheme of the contact strip and the base aerodynamic drag reduction shell is proposed, and the aerodynamic drag reduction is verified by comparison with the original model. Calculation shows that aerodynamic drag can be reduced by 25.13% and 24.19% in the opening and closing state, respectively, when the drag reduction pantograph runs at 350 km/h.