储能用锂离子电池安全性测试与评估方法比较

Comparative study on safety test and evaluation methods of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage

作为支撑智能电网和能源转型发展的关键技术,储能受到了全球的广泛关注。锂离子电池因能量密度高、寿命长和无污染等性能,成为大规模储能的首选储存载体之一,锂离子电池储能规模也在迅速增长。但是近年来,锂离子电池热失控火灾事故频发,成为制约其大规模应用的关键因素。针对这一问题,本文归纳对比了国内外常用的储能用锂离子电池安全测试标准,如IEC 62619、IEC 63056、UL 1973和UL 9540A等国外标准,以及GB/T 36276、T/CNESA 1004等相关国家标准、团体标准。同时,根据储能系统的特性,着重从单体、模组、单元与安装等储能系统四个不同层级,将热失控测试方法进行了探讨分析,指出了国内现行测试标准的不足,并提出合理化建议,旨在维护锂离子电池储能系统的安全底线。

Energy storage technology,which has attracted extensive attention all over the world,is the key to supporting energy transformation and the smart grid.Due to its high energy density,long cycle life,and environmental friendliness,the lithium-ion battery has become one of the preferred storage carriers for large-scale energy storage.The magnitude of energy storage has been observed to increase continually.However,fire accidents have occurred frequently in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems,limiting their further application.Because of this problem,this study compares the representative safety test standards of lithium-ion battery energy storage at home and abroad,for example,foreign standards such as IEC 62619,IEC 63056,UL 1973,and UL 9540A,as well as national,industrial,and alliance standards such as GB/T 36276 and T/CNESA 1004.Further,the test methods for thermal runaway are analyzed at the cell,module,unit,and installation levels according to the characteristics of the energy storage system.Finally,the shortcomings of the current standards are revealed,and several proposals are advanced to promote the safe and efficient operation of energy storage systems.