不同施肥处理对苹果产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Apple Yield,Quality and Soil Nutrients

优化施肥是作物绿色优质高产的重要方式,通过田间试验探讨了优化施肥和增施腐植酸硅钙肥对苹果生产的影响,为环渤海区域苹果产业绿色可持续发展提供依据。试验于山东省威海市文登区峰山村进行,以农户常规施肥(CK)为对照,研究了优化施肥(F)和优化施肥同时增施腐植酸硅钙肥(FC)对苹果产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:F处理和FC处理分别能增加产量5.91%和29.53%;F处理和FC处理均增加了苹果单果重、果形指数和可滴定酸含量,FC处理显著提高了果实可溶性糖含量;F处理和FC处理的糖酸比相较于CK均有所降低,FC处理相较于F处理有显著提高。FC处理的土壤铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾均显著高于F处理和CK,含量分别5.3 mg/kg、129.47 mg/kg、357.67 mg/kg。总之,优化施肥同时增施腐植酸硅钙肥能够提高苹果树生产力、改善果实品质、提高土壤肥力。

Optimized fertilization is an important way of crop green quality and high yield.The effects of optimized fertilization and increased application of humic acid silicon calcium fertilizer on apple production were studied with field experiments to provided a basis for the sustainable development of apple industry in the region around Bohai Sea.The experiment was conducted in Fengshan village,Wendeng District,Shandong province,to know the effects of optimized fertilization (F) and optimized fertilization combined with increased silicon-calcium humate (FC) on apple yield,quality and soil nutrients with farmers’ conventional fertilization (CK) as the control.The results showed that F and FC treatment could increase the yield by 5.91% and 29.53%,respectively.Both F and FC treatment increased the single fruit weight,fruit shape index and titratable acid content of apples.The soluble sugar content of fruit was significantly increased by FC treatment that induced the ratio of sugar to acid in F and FC treatment was lower than that in CK,and the ratio of sugar to acid in FC was higher than that in F.The contents of available N,P and K in FC were significantly higher than those in F and CK by 174.35 mg/kg,129.47 mg/kg,357.67 mg/kg,respectively.Optimizing fertilization and increasing silicon-calcium humate could improve the productivity,fruit quality and soil fertility of apple tree.