褪黑素减轻新生儿肺损伤的抗氧化机制研究进展

Research progress on antioxidant mechanism of melatonin in reducing neonatal lung injury

新生儿肺损伤病因复杂,可由多种原因引起,且新生儿肺发育不成熟,处于囊泡和肺泡期,容易受到各种不利因素的损害。在临床上,新生儿肺损伤主要表现为顽固性低氧血症、呼吸窘迫、肺顺应性下降等。近年来,新生儿救治技术得到了飞速发展,但新生儿肺损伤的发病率仍居高不下,受到了医学界的广泛关注。氧化应激是指机体氧化与抗氧化失衡的一种状态。新生儿从羊水环境过渡到空气中后,在出生后最初几周内氧化应激相对较高,而在不利因素的刺激下,会进一步加重氧化应激损伤。褪黑素作为人体重要的抗氧化因子,参与了许多至关重要的生理、病理过程,可直接清除氧自由基、增强抗氧化酶活性、抑制细胞凋亡。研究表明,褪黑素的抗氧化特性可能在新生儿肺损伤中起重要作用,但具体机制尚未完全明确。本文旨在综述褪黑素在新生儿肺损伤中的抗氧化作用,以期为新生儿肺损伤的治疗提供新的思路。

The etiology of neonatal lung injury is complicated.Because neonatal lungs are immature in the vesicles and alveolar period,they are easy to be injured by various factors.Clinically,the main manifestations of neonatal lung injury are refractory hypoxemia,respiratory distress,and decreased lung compliance,etc.In recent years,newborn treatment technology has been rapidly developed,but the incidence of neonatal lung injury is still very high,so more attention has been paid by the medical community.Oxidative stress refers to a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant in the body.After newborns transition from amniotic fluid to the air,oxidative stress is relatively higher in the first few weeks of life,and oxidative stress injury will be further aggravated under the stimulation of adverse factors.Melatonin,as an important antioxidant factor in the human body,participates in many vital physiological and pathological processes,and can directly scavenge oxygen free radicals,enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inhibit cell apoptosis.Researches have showed that the antioxidant properties of melatonin played an important role in neonatal lung injury,however,the specific mechanism has not yet been fully clarified.The aim of this article is to review the antioxidant effects of melatonin in neonatal lung injury and provide new ideas for the treatment of neonatal lung injury.