慢性牙周炎与帕金森病相关性的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between chronic periodontitis and Parkinson’s disease

慢性牙周炎属于慢性感染性疾病,与多种全身疾病存在双向关系。帕金森病是一种常见的神经退行性变性疾病,炎症反应在其进展中起到一定作用。近年来,大量研究提示慢性牙周炎与帕金森病等神经退行性变性疾病之间存在潜在联系,帕金森病患者牙周状况较差,其口腔菌群组成与健康人群存在差异;与此同时,慢性牙周炎患者罹患帕金森病的风险更高,定期牙周治疗可能在一定程度上降低该风险。慢性牙周炎与帕金森病的相互作用机制尚未明确,部分研究认为帕金森病患者可能由于运动及非运动症状,无法有效维护口腔卫生,增加牙周炎患病风险;小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症则可能是慢性牙周炎影响帕金森病的关键,牙周致病菌及炎症介质或可通过多种途径进入大脑并激活小胶质细胞,最终影响帕金森病的发生发展。本文就慢性牙周炎与帕金森病相关性及可能的交互作用机制的最新研究进展作一综述,以期为进一步探讨两者相互影响的研究提供思路。

Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease,which has a reciprocal relationship with a variety of systemic disorders.Parkinson’s disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease in which inflammation plays an important role for its progression.A vast number of studies suggest that there is a potential connection between chronic periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.Individuals with Parkinson’s disease usually have poor periodontal health,and their oral flora composition differs from that of healthy people;at the same time,patientswith chronic periodontitis have a higher risk of Parkinson’s disease,which can be reducedwith regular periodontal treatment.In fact,the mechanism of interaction between chronicperiodontitis and Parkinson’s disease is not clear.According to several studies,theclinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease prevent patients to maintain oral hygieneeffectively,increasing the risk of periodontitis.Neuroinflammation mediated by microgliamay be the key to the influence of chronic periodontitis on Parkinson’s disease.Periodontal pathogens and inflammatory mediators may enter the brain and activatemicroglia in various ways,and ultimately leading to occurrence and development ofParkinson’s disease.This article reviews the recent research progress on the associationbetween chronic periodontitis and Parkinson’s disease,and its potential mechanism toprovide information for further research.