中亚东干诗歌中的列宁形象比较研究

A Comparative Study of Lenin’s Image in Central Asian Dungan Poetry

中亚东干文学,是丝绸之路沿线中亚三国华裔族群创作的文学,已引起多国学者关注。东干诗歌中的列宁形象与俄苏诗歌、中国诗歌中的列宁形象共时存在,三者之间有或显或隐的影响关系。东干诗歌中的列宁形象书写多采用自然意象,常把列宁比作春天和太阳,也常把列宁比作父亲,列宁的革命者人格还被东干诗人升华为民族精神的象征。东干诗歌与俄苏诗歌中的列宁形象有一致性,自然意象采用和人道主义关怀是两者共性,但在诗歌话语、自然情感、精神内涵等方面,东干诗歌有自身特性。东干诗歌与中国诗歌都受到俄苏文化影响,两者都致力表现列宁对革命建设带来的重要变革,中国诗歌偏向表现精神层面影响,东干诗歌偏重表现物质生活影响。东干诗歌中的列宁形象书写在海外华语文学中的启示性意义有四个方面:文学资源、文学互动、身份认同、读者接受。

Central Asian Dungan literature,created by the Chinese ethnic groups living in the three countries along the Silk Road,has attracted the attention of scholars from several countries.Lenin’s image appeared in Dungan poetry almost at the same time as it did in Russian poetry and Chinese poetry.Its presence in all three might have some implicit or explicit mutual influence.The portrayal of Lenin’s image in Dungan’s poems mostly uses natural imagery,often comparing him to spring,sun,and a father as well.Lenin’s character as a revolutionary was sublimated by Dungan poets as a symbol of their national spirit.Lenin’s image in Russian poetry seems homolous and compatible with that in Dungan poetry.The use of natural imagery and humanitarian care appear to be the common interests they share.However,in poetic language,natural sentiments,and spiritual connotations,Dungan poetry has its own characteristics.Given the influence from the Russian and Soviet culture,both Dungan poetry and Chinese poetry were committed to showing the major reforms that Lenin had initiated in revolutionary construction.Chinese poetry gave more coverage on his spiritual influence,whereas Dungan poetry paid more attention to his influence on material life.For overseas Chinese literature,the portrayal of Lenin’s image in Dungan poetry displays its enlightening significance in four aspects:literary resources,literary interaction,identity,and readers response.