铁路保价保险协同发展模式研究

Research on the Coordinated Development Model of Value-insured Transportation and Insurance

保价运输是承运人限额责任制度的组成内容,是激励承托双方进行安全投资的有效机制。保险是建立在大数定律基础上的风险分散与损失补偿制度,是独立于运输生产的风险管理工具。保价运输与保险在本质上都是运输风险管理工具,有协同发展的科学基础。在分析保价运输属性的基础上,指出保价保险协同发展的必要性,提出保价保险协同模式建议。从运输风险分配入手,调整承运人责任分配范围并提升保价保障水平,开发与保价互为补充的货运保险附加总括保险,建立稳定有效的运输风险分配结构,是保价与保险协同发展的可选模式,可以优化保价管理制度,助力全程物流运输安全,提升铁路服务质量,服务经济社会发展。

Value-insured transportation is a component of the carrier’s liability limit system and an effective mechanism to encourage both parties to make safe investments.Insurance is a risk dispersion and loss compensation system based on the law of large numbers(LLN)and a risk management tool independent of transportation and production.Essentially,value-insured transportation and insurance are both tools of transportation risk management and have a scientific basis for coordinated development.This paper analyzed the attributes of value-insured transportation,pointed out the necessity of its coordinated development with insurance,and put forward suggestions on the coordination development model of the two.From the perspective of the transportation risk allocation,the paper proposed to improve the level of value-insured transportation by adjusting the coverage of the carrier’s liability and innovate an additional blanket insurance contract of cargo insurance complementing the value-insured transportation.These measures contribute to the establishment of a stable and effective transportation risk allocation structure and form an optional model for the coordinated development of value-insured transportation and insurance.The model can optimize the value insurance management system,elevate the safety of logistics and transportation throughout the whole process,improve the quality of railway services,and serve economic and social development.