农地流转对农村内部收入不平等的影响

The impact of farmland transfer on income inequality in rural areas

在中国农村内部收入差距居高不下和社会阶层趋于固化的双重背景下,农地流转能否缩小收入差距以及低收入家庭能否通过农地流转实现阶层跃迁都是亟待深入研究的问题。基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)微观数据,利用再中心化影响函数回归和收入转移矩阵,从静态和动态两个维度探讨农地流转对农村收入不平等的影响,并根据所处地区、农地流转数量和租金支付形式(有偿流转或无偿流转)探索其影响的异质性。结果表明:从静态维度考察,农地流转能够有效缩小农村内部整体的收入差距,但把收入差距拆解成两极、高端和低端三个局部来看,加剧和缓解收入差距的影响同时存在。从动态维度考察,参与农地流转有利于提高农村地区整体的收入流动性,能够改善趋于僵化的动态收入分配格局,并且农村低收入家庭可以通过农地流转实现阶层跃迁。从异质性维度考察,农地流转对收入差距的缩小作用主要发生在中部和西部地区,在东部地区这一效果并不明显;大规模转入农地和有偿转出农地均会大幅缩小整体的静态收入不平等程度。因此,政府在继续推动农地经营权流转的同时要注重交易方式的规范化和市场化以推动有偿流转,对不同流转规模进行差异化政策支持可取得事半功倍的效果。

Under the background of the wide income gap and the consolidation of social classes in China’s rural areas,it is of great significance to study whether farmland transfer can narrow the income gap and whether low-income households can achieve class transition through farmland transfer.Based on the data of the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)from 2015 to 2017,this paper discusses the impact of farmland transfer on rural income inequality from static and dynamic dimensions by the Recentered Influence Function Regression(RIF)model and the income transfer matrix.Results show that,from a static perspective,farmland transfer can effectively reduce the overall income gap in rural areas.However,when the income gap is broken down into polarization,high-end,and low-end,the impact of aggravating and alleviating the income gap exists at the same time.From a dynamic perspective,participating in farmland transfer is conducive to improving the overall income mobility in rural areas and low-income households can achieve class transition through farmland transfer.From the perspective of heterogeneity,the effect of farmland transfer on income gap narrowing mainly occurs in the central and western regions,and the effect is not obvious in the eastern region.Both large-scale farmland transfer-in and paid farmland transfer-out will significantly reduce the overall static income inequality.Therefore,to increase the efficacy of farmland transfer,while continuing to promote farmland transfer,the government should pay attention to the standardization and marketization of transaction modes to promote the paid transfer-out and differentiated policy support for different transfer scales.