历史景观特征评估:城乡景观历史特征认知及动态管理的英国经验及启示

Historic Landscape Characterization:British Experience and Enlightenment on the Cognition of Historical Character and Dynamic Management of Urban-Rural Landscape

受保护“历史观”的影响,我国文化遗产空间规划多以具有典型历史价值的地区为对象,缺乏对其他空间历史特征和遗产价值的认知,不利于全域文化遗产网络格局的构建。在这种背景下,文章引介英国历史景观特征评估的相关经验,在梳理其发展脉络和理论内涵的基础上,详细阐述英格兰牛津郡历史景观特征评估的地方实践。之后,从理念认知、内容框架和支撑保障维度入手,提出遗产保护“景观”范式转变、厘清文化遗产空间类型构成、明确不同尺度的规划内容衔接和建设文化遗产基础数据库等建议,为我国构建文化遗产空间网络格局提供思路,最终为完善国土空间规划体系提供参考。

Under the influence of the heritage"historical view",China’s cultural heritage spatial planning attaches importance to special areas with typical historical value,but lacks the cognition of the historical features and heritage value of other landscapes.This situation is not conducive to constructing cultural heritage network.Based on this background,this paper introduces the idea of British historic landscape characterization and sorts out its development context and theoretical connotation.Then the paper takes Oxfordshire as a case to elaborate local practice of historic landscape characterization.Later,this paper puts forward the advices of heritage protection landscape paradigm shift,clarify the space types of the cultural heritage composition,clear the cohesion of planning content on different scales,construction of cultural heritage database form the aspects of concept cognition,content framework and supporting.The results will provide ideas for cultural heritage space network planning,and finally provide the basis for perfecting the national spatial planning system.