贸易开放、环境规制与城市绿色发展效率——来自中国2010—2018年282个城市的证据

Trade Opening, Environmental Regulation and Urban Green Development Efficiency——Evidence from 282 Cities in China from 2010 to 2018

本文在探究贸易开放、环境规制对城市绿色发展效率影响机制的基础上,将能源消费、空气污染物和水资源污染物纳入生产函数,使用SBM方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger指数测算了中国2010—2018年282个城市绿色发展效率。基于此,运用动态面板模型和面板门槛模型实证分析了贸易开放影响城市绿色发展效率的环境规制强度。研究表明:(1)理论上,存在贸易开放→环境规制→城市绿色发展效率的传导路径,环境规制是贸易开放影响城市绿色发展效率的调节变量和门槛变量。(2)贸易开放对城市绿色发展效率的影响显著存在基于环境规制的“门槛效应”,贸易开放对城市绿色发展效率的影响呈现出先抑制后促进的“U型”特征,实行较严格的环境规制能够降低贸易开放对城市绿色发展效率损失,从而有效提升城市绿色发展效率,这一结论在进行稳健性检验后依然成立。(3)贸易开放对提升城市绿色发展效率存在显著的区域异质性,当环境规制强度跨越门槛时,东、中部地区起到显著的正向调节作用,西部地区则起到显著的负向调节作用。

On the basis of exploring the impact mechanism of trade opening and environmental regulation on urban green development efficiency, this paper brings energy consumption, air pollutants and water resources pollutants into the production function, and uses SBM directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger index to calculate the green development efficiency of 282 cities in China from 2010 to 2018.Based on this, the dynamic panel model and panel threshold model are used to empirically analyze the environmental regulation intensity of trade opening affecting the efficiency of urban green development.The research shows that:(1)In theory, there is a transmission path from trade opening to environmental regulation to the urban green development efficiency.Environmental regulation is the adjustment variable and threshold variable for trade opening to affect urban green development efficiency.(2)The impact of trade opening on urban green development efficiency is significant.There is a“threshold effect”based on environmental regulation.The impact of trade opening on urban green development efficiency shows a“U-shaped”feature of first inhibition and then promotion.The implementation of stricter environmental regulation can reduce the loss of trade opening on urban green development efficiency.Then, effectively improve the efficiency of urban green development, which is still valid after the robustness test.(3)When the intensity of environmental regulation crosses the threshold, the eastern and central regions play a significant positive regulatory role, while the western region plays a significant negative regulatory role.