基于无服务器架构的云原生应用软件研究

Research on Cloud Native Application Software Based on Serverless Architecture

无服务器计算是云原生应用软件开发、部署和运维的一种新范式,其主要特征是事件驱动、无状态、短运行时间、敏捷自动伸缩和低成本。应用程序被解构成多个无状态细粒度函数,可以独立开发、迭代、升级和复用。函数遵循单一职责原则,一个函数实例仅完成一种任务。函数无状态便于水平扩展,实现业务高并发。函数加载到容器中运行,容器易于打包、部署和移除,可以跨平台移植,函数运行结束后,其容器可以立即分配函数新实例,或使用定时事件周期性地运行,保持容器为暖状态,减少冷启动。无服务器零运维使开发人员专注于业务功能,云提供商负责管理基础设施和运行时环境,使整体业务轻量化。按使用量计费,降低了成本。无服务器架构解耦基础设施与业务,将软硬件资源抽象为服务,以松散耦合模式集成函数、第三方服务和微服务,构建易于开发、高性能的云原生应用软件。

Serverless computing is a new paradigm for cloud native application software development, deployment, operation and maintenance. Its main characteristics are event driven, stateless, short running time, agile automatic scaling and low cost. The application program is decomposed into multiple stateless fine-grained functions, which can be developed, iterated, upgraded and reused independently. Functions follow the single responsibility principle. A function instance completes only one task. The function is stateless, which is convenient for horizontal expansion to achieve high business concurrency. Functions are loaded into containers and run. The container is easy to package, deploy and remove, and can be transplanted across platforms. After the function runs, its container can immediately be allocated to a new instance of the function, or run periodically with timed events to keep the container warm and reduce cold start. NoOps of serverless enables developers to focus on business functions. Cloud providers are responsible for managing the infrastructure and runtime environment to lighten the overall business. Billing by usage reduces costs. Serverless architecture decouples infrastructure and business, abstracts software and hardware resources into services, integrates functions, third-party services and microservices in a loose coupling mode, and constructs cloud native application software with easy development and high performance.