PBX1突变致先天性肾和尿路异常综合征伴或不伴听力损失、耳朵异常或发育迟缓1例基因型及表型分析

Genotype and phenotype analysis of a case of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss,abnormal ears or developmental delay caused by PBX1 mutation

先天性肾和尿路异常综合征(congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome,CAKUT)是以泌尿系统先天性形态缺陷为核心表型的疾病,其表型异质性强,在普通人群中表现为亚临床表现到严重危及生命的泌尿系统畸形[1-2],包括各种肾脏异常,如肾发育异常、多囊肾和肾积水等;泌尿道异常包括肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻、双输尿管、巨型输尿管、膀胱输尿管反流、尿道裂等[3-5],目前已知的与人类CAKUT相关的致病基因约50个,遗传方式以常染色体显性遗传最为常见,其中HNF1β、PAX2、DSTYK基因是散发型CAKUT中常见的致病基因[6]。除单基因变异外,拷贝数变异也可致病,其中17q12微缺失综合征和22q11.2微缺失综合征是CAKUT病例中常见的拷贝数变异[7]。先天性肾和尿路异常综合征伴或不伴听力损失、耳朵异常或发育迟缓(congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss,abnormal ears or developmental delay,CAKUTHED)是一种常染色体显性遗传,由PBX1基因突变致病。