尖晶石的资源与商贸现状

Current Situation of Spinel Resources and Trade

千百年来,尖晶石一直作为红宝石的替代品而被忽视和低估。近年来,尖晶石获得了国际珠宝市场的关注,在拍卖和珠宝交易市场上的价格都屡创新高。本文通过收集尖晶石全球资源的资料与样品,以及2011~2020年佳士得、苏富比、菲利普斯、保利和嘉德五家世界拍卖行的尖晶石拍卖成交数据,与珠宝交易市场的价格进行对比分析,对尖晶石的资源与市场进行了研究。研究表明,尖晶石产地主要有缅甸、坦桑尼亚、阿富汗、越南、斯里兰卡和马达加斯加等,其中缅甸尖晶石的数量和质量都远高于其他产地。2011~2020十年间,拍卖的尖晶石主要产自缅甸,拍卖尖晶石的产地数据与过去十年高价值尖晶石的产出基本吻合;成交量和成交总额均呈上涨趋势,2019年拍卖总价达到1061.24万美金。历年尖晶石拍卖成交的平均克拉单价虽不稳定,但大体成上涨趋势,到2018年达到每克拉4.38万美金的峰值,在2019年有一定回落,但仍高于2011~2017年,表明尖晶石的价格在逐步攀升,其中颜色是影响尖晶石价格的最主要因素,目前克拉单价最高的为粉红―红色系列。

Spinel has been neglected and underestimated as a substitute for rubies for thousands of years. In recent years, spinel has gained the attention of the international jewelry market, and its price has reached new highs in the auction and jewelry trading market. This paper studies the resources and market of spinel through the collection of materials and samples of global spinel resources, as well as the analysis of the auction transaction data of five world auction houses, including Christie’s, Sotheby’s, Phillips, Poly and Guardian,and the price analysis of jewelry trading market during the decade from 2011 to 2020. The research shows that the main producing areas of spinel are Myanmar, Tanzania, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Madagascar, among which the quantity and quality of spinel in Myanmar are much higher than other producing areas. In the decade from 2011 to 2020, the auction spinel was mainly produced in Myanmar, and the auction spinel origin data was basically consistent with the output of highvalue spinel in the past decade. Both the volume and the total value of the sale were on the rise, with the total auction price in 2019 reaching 10,612,400 USD. Although the average carat unit price of spinel transactions over the years is unstable, it generally shows a rising trend, reaching a peak of 43,800 USD per carat in 2018, and falling to a certain extent in 2019, but still higher than 2011-2017, indicating that the price of spinel is gradually rising, among which color is the most important factor affecting the price of spinel. At present, the carat unit price of pink-red spinel series is the highest.