介孔二氧化硅基智能递送体系的构建及其在各类疾病治疗中的应用

Construction of Mesoporous Silica Based Smart Delivery System and its Therapeutic Application in Various Diseases

利用先进纳米技术开发的药物递送体系能够改善药物的理化性质和治疗效果,同时削弱其毒副作用,因而纳米药物递送体系成为现代药剂学研究的热点和主流方向。其中,介孔二氧化硅作为纳米载体的基质材料具有比表面积大、形貌结构可调、表面易于修饰及生物相容性良好等优点,引发生物医学研究人员的广泛关注,为构筑新型智能药物递送体系提供了新的设计思路。本文就介孔二氧化硅基智能递送体系在设计构筑和疾病治疗应用等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述。首先,本文对介孔硅的发展历程、制备方法及结构特性进行了简要概述;其次,从药物装载和门控释放两大角度系统阐述了近些年介孔硅基智能递送体系的构建策略,重点介绍了各种刺激响应性介孔硅基递送体系的门控开关(如聚合物、无机纳米颗粒、超分子组装体及生物大分子等)及其可控释放机制;随后,详细描述了介孔硅基控释体系在各种类型疾病(包括癌症、细菌感染、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等)治疗中的应用进展;最后,总结和分析了介孔硅基智能纳米载体研究中存在的问题并对其未来发展作了展望。

The drug delivery systems(DDSs) developed with advanced nanotechnologies can improve the physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects of drugs, while weakening their side effects. Therefore, nanoscale DDSs have become a hot spot and mainstream direction of current pharmacy research. Among them, mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) have the advantages of large specific surface area, adjustable morphology/structure, easy surface modification and good biocompatibility, thereby have attracted extensive attention of biomedical researchers and provided new design ideas for constructing new smart DDSs. In this paper, the latest research progress of MSNs-based smart delivery systems in construction and disease treatment applications is reviewed. Firstly, the development process, preparation methods and structural characteristics of MSNs are briefly summarized. Secondly, the construction strategies of MSNs-based smart delivery systems in recent years were systematically expounded from the perspectives of drug loading and gate-controlled release. The gatekeepers(such as polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, supramolecular assemblies and biomacromolecules, etc.) and controlled release mechanisms of various stimuli-responsive MSNs-based delivery systems were emphatically introduced. Afterwards, the applications of MSNs-based controlled release system in the treatment of various diseases(including cancer, bacterial infection, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, etc.) was described in detail. Finally, the challenges in the investigations of MSNs-based smart nanocarriers are summarized, and the prospects of their future development are presented.