滚珠丝杠进给系统机电能耗实验研究

Experimental Study on Electrical and Mechanical Power Consumption of Ball-Screw Driving Feed System

为深入探索数控机床能耗规律、发挥能耗匹配在数控机床关键部件选型上的指导作用,针对数控机床滚珠丝杠进给系统的机电能耗进行了实验研究。进给系统总能耗可分为伺服电机电功耗以及由各部件相对运动产生的机械功耗(MPC)。因此,首先通过设计全新的实验装置,在多组转速及负载转矩条件下,对伺服驱动电机的电功耗及电效率进行了测量与分析;进一步,考虑4种不同导程滚珠丝杠,对进给系统各部件的MPC进行实验研究,阐明滚珠丝杠的结构参数对系统功耗的影响,以及进给系统功耗与工作台速度的关系。结果表明:电机的工作状态对其效率以及整个进给系统的功耗有很大影响,且影响功耗的最关键因素之一是电机转速,系统功耗是电机效率和机械部件相对运动产生MPC之间的权衡。研究结果有助于从能耗角度进行滚珠丝杠及伺服电机的合理选型,以及对机床进给参数的优化。

In order to explore the energy consumption law of CNC machine tools and give full play to the guidance role of energy matching in the selection of key parts of CNC machine tools,the mechanical and electrical energy consumption of ball-screw feed system of CNC machine tools was studied experimentally.The total energy consumption of feed system was divided into electrical power consumption of servo motor and mechanical power consumption(MPC)generated by relative movement of each component.Therefore,the power consumption and efficiency of servo motor were measured and analyzed by designing a new experimental device under the condition of multiple sets of speed and load torque.Furthermore,considering four types of ball-screw pair with different leads,the MPC of each part of the feed system was studied experimentally.The influence of the structure parameters of the ball screw on the power consumption of the system and the relationship between the power consumption of the feed system and the working table speed were clarified.The results show that the working state of the motor has a great influence on its efficiency and the power consumption of the whole feed system;one of the most important factors affecting the power consumption is the motor speed;the power consumption of the system is the balance between the motor efficiency and the MPC.The results can help to select the ball-screw and servo motor reasonably from the angle of energy consumption,and to optimize the feed parameters of the machine tool.