21个浙江山核桃无性系果实矿质营养特征分析

Characteristics of fruit mineral nutrition of 21 Carya cathayensis clones in Zhejiang province

【目的】山核桃是我国重要的高效生态经济型干果树种,研究比较21个浙江山核桃无性系的果实内含物矿质元素差异,评价山核桃果实矿质营养特性,为筛选高矿质营养价值的山核桃种质资源提供基础。【方法】采用国家标准方法对山核桃果实种仁中所含的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Zn、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu共计9种矿质元素进行测定,通过变异性分析、正态性检验、相关性分析、主成分分析、系统聚类和概率分级法对参试无性系进行分析与评价。【结果】(1)山核桃的矿质营养性状变异较为丰富,变异系数在8.93%~64.51%之间,其中变异幅度较大的有Cr(64.51%)、Na(45.73%)、Mn(23.90%)、Fe(19.75%);各指标均符合正态分布;有5对指标间呈极显著正相关,10对呈显著正相关。(2)主成分分析结果表明,将9种矿质元素指标综合为4个成分因子,可代表原始数据88.19%的信息量。(3)聚类分析表明,21个山核桃无性系可根据综合成分得分聚为3类,各类别间矿质营养品质有较大差别(;4)对3个变异系数≥15%的矿质元素指标进行5级概率分级,对5个变异系数<15%的矿质元素指标进行3级概率分级,结果与主成分分析基本一致。【结论】21个浙江山核桃无性系果实矿质营养性状变异较为丰富且均符合正态分布,其中有18个性状指标间呈极显著或显著相关;在主成分分析的基础上将21个山核桃无性系聚为3大类,综合筛选出大源3号、高岭8号、徐坑24号、徐坑88号、高岭3号、大源4号6个优质无性系,其中高岭8号与大源4号有作为优质果用无性系选育引种的潜力。

【Objective】Carya cathayensis is an important ecological and economic dry fruit tree species in China.Studying and comparing the differences in mineral element contents in the fruit of 21 Carya cathayensis clones in Zhejiang province and evaluating the mineral nutritional characteristics of Carya cathayensis fruit can provide a basis for screening Carya cathayensis germplasm resources with high nutritional value.【Methods】Nine kinds of mineral elements including K,Ca,Na,Mg,Zn,Cr,Mn,Fe and Cu in Carya cathayensis kernel were determined by Chinese standard method.The variation degree among different clones was compared by calculating the coefficient of variation(CV)of each mineral element;By calculating the significance index(Sig.)of each element,it was judged whether the mineral nutritional traits of the tested Carya cathayensis clones were formed by artificial breeding intervention rather than natural formation,and Sig.>0.05 indicated that the data conformed to the normal distribution;By calculating the correlation coefficient between various elements,the possibility of breeding varieties rich in multiple mineral nutrients was evaluated.The quantitative traits conforming to normal distribution and with coefficient of variation≥15%were divided into 5 grades by using(X-1.2818S),(X-0.5246S),(X+0.5246S)and(X+1.2818S),and the traits with coefficient of variation<15%were divided into 3 grades by using(X-0.5246S)and(X+0.5246S),which were used to evaluate the contents of mineral nutrients among different clones.The process of principal component analysis and cluster analysis in this experiment was completed by psych package of R software and SPSS software.The principal components were extracted through the principal function in psych package(the first n principal components with a total variance contribution rate≥85.00%),rotated orthogonally,and scores=true was selected to obtain the score RCkof the sample in each principal component;Combined with the variance contribution rate Ekof the corresponding principal component,the comprehen-nsive score RC^(*)=∑_(k=1)^(n)RC_(k)E_(k) of the sample was obtained;The principal component score coefficient of each index was obtained through the round function,and then the functional formula between each index and the principal component was obtained;Cluster analysis was completed through the process of“analysis classification system clustering”in SPSS software【.Results】(1)The variation of mineral nutrition characteristics of Carya cathayensis was rich,and the variation coefficient was between 8.93%and64.51%,among which the larger ones were Cr(64.51%),Na(45.73%),Mn(23.90%)and Fe(19.75%).The larger the variation coefficient was,the higher the seed selection value of this element would be among the tested clones.(2)The results of normality test showed that the Sig.values of nine mineral elements were between 0.131 and 0.991,which accorded with the normal distribution,indicating that the content of mineral elements in hickory was affected by many small independent random factors.(3)The correlation matrix showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between K and Mg(0.619),and a significant positive correlation with the contents of Cu(0.527),Zn(0.520),Ca(0.442),Cr(0.345)and Fe(0.365).Ca was positively correlated with Zn(0.680),Mg(0.586)and Cu(0.541);Na was positively correlated with the content of Cu(0.617)and Zn(0.528);Mg was positively correlated with the contents of Cu(0.838),Zn(0.835)and Fe(0.570);There was a highly significant positive correlation between Zn and the contents of Cu(0.890)and Fe(0.666);There was a significant negative correlation between Cr and Mn(-0.328);There was a significant positive correlation between Fe and Cu(0.545).The greater the correlation coefficient was,the greater the probability of obtaining clones rich in multiple mineral elements would be at the same time.(4)The results of principal component analysis showed that the contents of K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Cr,Mn,Fe and Cu were integrated into four component factors,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 88.19%;According to the calculation results of comprehensive components,Dayuan 3,Gaoling 8,Gaoling 3,Xukeng 24 and Xukeng 89 ranked among the top 5 in the comprehensive component scores respectively,and the comprehensive mineral nutritional quality of their fruits was the best.(5)The results of systematic clustering showed that 21 Carya cathayensis clones could be clustered into 3 categories according to the score of comprehensive components,and there was a large distance in mineral nutritional quality among various categories.Among them,6 clones of Dayuan 3,Gaoling 8,Xukeng 24,Xukeng 88,Gaoling 3 and Dayuan 4 were clustered into class B.The total content of mineral elements was high,and at least two of Cr,Mn and Fe contents with the largest variation range were high.(6)Three mineral element indexes with variation coefficient≥15%were graded with 5-level probability,and five mineral element indexes with variation coefficient<15%were graded with 3-level probability.The results were basically consistent with the principal component analysis.【Conclusion】In this study,six high-quality clones were selected,including Dayuan 3,Gaoling 8,Xukeng 24,Xukeng 88,Gaoling 3 and Dayuan 4.Among them,Gaoling 8 and Dayuan 4 have the potential to be used as high-quality fruit clones for breeding.