福建主栽花生品种果柄节点强度分析

Analysis of peg strength of main peanut varieties in Fujian Province

为明确福建省花生的果柄节点强度情况,快速推动花生收获机械应用,对经省级认定的8个花生品种果柄节点强度进行测定。分析表明8个花生品种果柄节点强度在1.2~25.8 N之间,强度大于5 N的占97.33%,平均值为10.7 N。品种间果柄节点强度存在显著差异,其中福花4号的果柄节点强度均值最大,为11.40 N,莆花2号果柄节点强度最小,均值为9.91 N。品种和荚果饱满度互作存在极显著差异,大部分品种饱果果柄节点强度大于秕果。随着花生成熟,花生果柄节点强度极显著的减弱。覆膜和浇水可以提高花生果柄节点强度,但与露地栽培处理没有显著差异。果柄含水量与果柄节点强度存在极显著负相关。结果表明8个品种均适合花生联合收获机收获,为了减少机收造成的落果损失,对果柄节点强度较小的品种可以采取提前收获,或采用覆膜和浇水,在成熟中后期,减少田间土壤湿度,减少果柄含水量,以提高果柄节点强度。

In order to determine the peg strength of peanut varieties and promote the application of peanut mechanical harvesting in Fujian Province,the peg strength of 8 recognized varieties was tested.The result showed that the peg strength was between 1.2-25.8 N,with an average of 10.7 N,and more than 5 N accounted for 97.33%.The peg strength showed significant differences among different varieties.The average peg strength of Fuhua 4 was the largest(11.40 N),while that of Puhua 2 was the smallest(9.91 N).There were also significant differences between variety and pod plumpness,and the peg strength of full pod of most cultivars was greater than that of immature pod.The peg strength decreased significantly with increasing maturity of peanuts.Film mulching and watering improved the strength of peanut peg,but there was no significant difference with the open field treatment.There was a significant negative correlation between the water content of peg and the peg strength.Results showed that the 8 varieties were suitable for peanut combine harvesting.In order to reduce the fruit loss caused by mechanical harvesting,the varieties with small peg strength can be used during early harvest,or use film mulching and watering treatment,and reduce the soil humidity and water content of the peg in the middle and late stages of maturity.