基质块育苗移栽技术与装备发展现状

Development status of technology and equipment of substrate block seedling cultivation and transplanting

基质块育苗也称营养块育苗,由于带基定植缓苗期短、成活率高、机械移栽效率高,成为拓展蔬菜育苗移栽的研究方向。归纳总结基质块育苗移栽的关键技术,阐述国内外基质块育苗装备和移栽装备的发展现状、特点和应用情况,以青花菜为例,分析基质块育苗移栽的经济效益、应用前景。指出基质块育苗移栽存在整盘苗块重量大人工搬运吃力、苗块之间无隔挡移栽取苗有连滞、自动化程度低等问题,并针对问题提出优化育苗基质块理化参数、改进基质块育苗盘结构、攻克基质块苗自动取苗技术壁垒实现自动化移栽等发展建议,以期为基质块育苗移栽装备的研究提供参考。

Substrate block seedling,also known as nutrient block seedling,has become the predominant research direction aiming at expanding vegetable seedling and transplanting owing to advantages such as short seedling period,high survival rate,and high mechanical transplanting efficiency.This paper summarized the key technology of substrate block seedling transplanting,and described the development status,characteristics and application of substrate block seedling raising equipment and transplanting equipment in China and abroad.Taking broccoli as an example,this paper analyzed the economic benefits and application prospects of substrate block seedling raising and transplanting.The issues of substrate block seedling transplanting were analyzed,such is seedling blocks plates were too heavy to carry,blocks were boned due to no barrier between blocks,and low automaticity.And optimizing physical and chemical parameters of substrate block seedling,improving structure of substrate block seedling plate,collecting block seedling automatically to realize transplant automatically were proposed.This provides reference for the research of substrate block seedling raising equipment and transplanting equipment.