有轨电车道岔几何线型检算与优化研究

Research on checking and optimizing the geometric line type of the turnouts of tram

为改善有轨电车通过道岔区域时所产生的轮轨冲撞以及钢轨异常磨耗问题,以某有轨电车路段轮轨异常磨耗为例,对道岔各部分轨距及间隔尺寸进行验算。根据道岔设计图纸,计算护轨端部轮轨间接触关系,提出有轨电车轮轨线型关系的改进措施。根据不同类型道岔磨耗情况,对各类型道岔的几何线型以及翼轨缓冲段槽宽进行优化分析和分类汇总。研究结果表明:当车辆转向架以自由内接形式通过曲线时,可能出现2种轮轨撞击情况,即后轴外侧车轮与护轨撞击和前轴内侧车轮与护轨相互撞击;为保证辙叉区护轨及翼轨处不发生轮轨撞击,护轨及翼轨缓冲段起始点与内外轨作用边槽宽应取各种工况下最不利值;合理加宽护轨及翼轨缓冲段起始槽宽,可实现辙叉区车体平稳转向;通过对有轨电车道岔几何线型进行调整,可以极大地减缓轮轨之间的冲撞。

For the purpose of improving the situation of wheel-rail collision and abnormal wheel/rail wear caused by trams passing through the turnout area,this paper adopted an example of abnormal wheel/rail wear in a certain tram section,and checked the gauge and interval size of each part of the turnout.According to the turnout design drawings,the wheel-rail contact relationship at the end of the guard rail wasanalyzed,and then the improvement measures of the rail-track wheel trajectory relationship were proposed,and based on the wear conditions of different types of turnouts,the geometric alignment of various types of turnouts and the groove width of the wing rail buffer section were optimized and summarized.The results indicate that when the bogie passed through the curve in a freely inscribed form,two possible wheel-rail collision situations may occur,namely the collision of the outer wheel of the rear axle with the guard rail and the collision of the inner wheel of the front axle with the guard rail;to ensure that there is no wheel-rail collision at the guard rail and wing rail,the groove width between the starting point of guard rail buffer section and the outer rail as well as that between the starting point of the wing rail buffer section and the inner rail should be the most unfavorable values under various working conditions;reasonably widening the initial groove width of the buffer section of the guard rail(and wing rail)can realize smooth turning of the car body in the frog zone;and by adjusting the geometry of the tram switch,the collision between wheels andrails can be greatly reduced.