变摩擦转向架斜楔等效刚度计算及应用

Calculation and application of equivalent stiffness of variable friction bogie wedge

斜楔减振器是三大件转向架极其重要的元件,斜楔提供的各向等效刚度对货车的动力学性能及减振性能有重要影响。为了分析斜楔等效刚度作用,根据力学原理对斜楔进行准静态分析,研究摇枕、侧架和斜楔三者的受力情况及位移关系,得出斜楔提供的垂向刚度、横向刚度、纵向刚度以及抗菱刚度的解析表达式。运用Abaqus有限元软件建立转K6转向架模型,模拟转K6转向架垂向、横向、纵向及抗菱变形的运动过程,通过与仿真数据对比,验证斜楔各向等效刚度解析表达式的准确性。在此模型的基础上,对斜楔自锁情况进行分析,推导出转向架斜楔设计时的参数选择范围,避免斜楔发生自锁。同时根据C70E货车参数,在Simpack动力学软件中建立包含转K6转向架的C70E货车多体动力学模型,分别计算输入斜楔各等效刚度及未输入斜楔各等效刚度时C70E货车多体动力学模型的非线性临界速度。研究结果表明:输入斜楔各等效刚度后的C70E货车多体动力学模型的临界速度为135 km/h,与实际的临界速度更接近。该结果揭示了斜楔等效刚度会对货车临界速度及运行情况产生较大的影响,不考虑斜楔的等效刚度作用会使货车仿真模型的动力学性能与实际情况产生较大偏差,同时进一步验证了斜楔等效刚度计算方法的准确性与科学性。

The wedge friction damper is a very important component of the three-piece bogie.All types of equivalent stiffness provided by the wedge has an important influence on the dynamic performance and vibration reduction performance of the truck.In order to study the effect of the wedge equivalent stiffness,the quasi-static analysis of the wedge was carried out based on the theoretical mechanics to analyze the force condition and displacement relationship of the bolster,side frame and wedge.The analytical expressions of the vertical,longitudinal,transverse and anti-warp stiffness provided by the wedge were systematically derived.Then the finite element software Abaqus was used to build the ZK6 bogie model and to simulate the movement of the ZK6bogie in the vertical,lateral,longitudinal and anti-warp directions,and the accuracy of the wedge stiffness analytical expressions were verified by comparing with the simulation data.On the basis of this model,the selflocking condition of the wedge was analyzed,and the parameter selection range of bogie wedge design was derived to avoid the wedge from self-locking.According to the parameters of C70E truck,the multi-body dynamics model of C70E truck including ZK6 bogie was built in Simpack dynamics software to calculate the non-linear critical velocity of the C70E truck multi-body dynamics model with and without the input of the wedge equivalent stiffness,respectively.The results show that the critical velocity of the multi-body dynamics model of C70E truck with the input of the wedge equivalent stiffness is 135 km/h,much closer to the actual critical velocity.The results reveal that the wedge equivalent stiffness has an important effect on the critical speed and running condition of the truck,and that disregarding the wedge equivalent stiffness may cause the dynamic performance of the truck simulation model to deviate from the actual situation.In addition,the results further verify the accuracy and scientific value of the wedge equivalent stiffness calculation method.