2017—2020年聊城市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2017 to 2020 in Liaocheng City

目的 分析2017—2020年聊城市流行性腮腺炎(epidemic parotitis,简称流腮)流行病学特征,为该市的流腮防控提供数据支持。方法 用描述性流行病学方法对流腮报告病例及接种含腮腺炎成分疫苗(mumps-containing vaccine, MuCV)剂次数据分析聊城市流腮的流行病学特征。结果 2017—2020年聊城市流腮报告病例共681例,年均发病率为2.81/10万,年份间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=61.75,P<0.05)。东昌府区年均发病率最高,为5.66/10万,地区间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=215.94,P<0.05)。全年各月均有报告病例,发病呈季节性规律,4、5和9月为报告病例高峰。男女性别比为1.67∶1,性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.94,P<0.05)。报告病例主要在15岁以下人群,占80.03%,年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 888.70,P<0.05)。幼托儿童、散居儿童和学生发病565例,占82.97%。在有MuCV免疫史的15岁以下人群中,报告病例226例,占41.47%。2018年莘县、茌平区、东阿县和高唐县4个县区健康人群流腮IgG抗体阳性率,高唐县最高,为92.00%,地区差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.47,P<0.05)。结论 4年来聊城市流腮报告病例总体呈下降趋势,幼托儿童、散居儿童和学生是流腮防控的重点人群,须进一步加强预防接种证查验及MuCV接种、补种工作。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Liaocheng City during the period 2017-2020, and thus to provide basis for prevention and control strategy of mumps. Methods Data of reported cases and vaccination status of MuCV was collected, descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Liaocheng City. Results A total of 681 cases of mumps were reported from 2017 to 2020 in Liaocheng City, the average annual incidence was 2.81/10;, there were statistically significant differences among different years in the incidence(χ^(2)=61.75, P<0.05). The average annual incidence of Dongchangfu District was the highest(5.66/10;), and statistically significant differences were observed among different regions(χ^(2)=215.94, P<0.05). There were cases reported each month throughout the year, however, the incidence showed a seasonal profile, with the peaks occurring in April, May and September. For reported cases, the male to female ratio was 1.67∶1, showed a statistical significance(χ^(2)=33.94, P<0.05). The most cases were distributed in age group of under 15 years old, accounting for 80.03%, the differences among different age groups were statistically significant(χ^(2)=1 888.70, P<0.05). There were 565 cases(82.97%) in preschool children, scattered children and students. Among the population under the age of 15 who had been vaccinated, 226 cases were reported, accounting for 41.47%. In 2018, the positive rate of mumps IgG antibody among healthy people was 85.50% in four counties/districts, among which Gaotang County was the highest(92.00%), the differences among regions were statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.47, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of mumps was descending over the past four years. Preschool children, scattered children and students are the high-risk groups of mumps prevention and control. It is necessary to further strengthen MuCV vaccination and supplementary vaccination.