部分欠发达国家肠道疫苗使用现状研究

A review on application of enteric vaccines in some less developed countries

肠道感染是导致部分欠发达国家人群发病率和死亡率较高的主要原因之一。迄今,在公共卫生方面,疫苗控制肠道感染所发挥的作用仍很有限,而且肠道疫苗在部分欠发达国家很少使用的原因也是多方面的,包括财政和环境等方面限制。更为重要的是,需要寻找更有说服力的证据证明肠道疫苗在部分欠发达国家人群中的效果。现通过对轮状病毒疫苗、伤寒疫苗、霍乱疫苗这3种疫苗现阶段在部分欠发达国家的使用情况作一概述,并对肠道疫苗在实际应用中的地区性疫苗效果、年龄组使用和群体免疫效果等现状进行分析。

Enteric infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in some less developed countries. To date, vaccines have played a limited role in public health’s contributions to control enteric infections, and reasons that enteric vaccines are rarely used in less developed countries are multiple, including financial and environmental constraints. More importantly, there is a need to find more convincing evidences for the effectiveness of enteric vaccines in populations in less developed countries. This paper analyzes the regional vaccine effectiveness, age-based vaccination and herd immunity effect of enteric vaccines by reviewing the current application status of rotavirus vaccine, typhoid vaccine and cholera vaccine in less developed countries.