清中末期的妖术恐慌--以《闽都别记》与《临水平妖传》为考察中心

The Sorcery Panic in the Middle and Late Qing Dynasty:Reflected from Min Du Bie Ji and Lin Shui Ping Yao Zhuan

采生折割这种罪恶行为在产生发展的数百年间不断变化,至清乾隆三十三年(1768)爆发了以采生折割为核心的妖术恐慌“剪辫案”。妖术恐慌贯穿了整个清中末期,成为了民众生活中不得不直面的难题。而清代反映陈靖姑故事的小说《闽都别记》与《临水平妖传》中以术士、白莲教徒为主要对象,对妖术恐慌进行了集中描写。以《闽都别记》与《临水平妖传》中的妖术恐慌作为考察中心,通过史料和笔记小说的相互印证,揭示清中末期妖术恐慌的特征,进一步认识古人的精神世界和当时的社会现状。

Criminal behaviors such as hunting and killing people,cutting off their limbs,and taking the five sense organs for various purposes were constantly changing during the centuries ofdevelopment.In the 33rd year of the Qianlong period,the sorcery panic represented by the case of“the cutting of pigtails”erupted.Frequent sorcery panics continued throughout the middle and late Qing Dynasty and became an inevitable problem in people's lives.Min Du Bie Ji and Lin Shui Ping Yao Zhuan,the two novelsin the Qing Dynasty telling the stories of Chen Jinggu,exposed sorcery panic by describing sorcerers and White Lotus believers.Based on these two novels,and through the mutual verification of historical materials and records of anomalies,this paper reveals the characteristics of the sorcery panic in the middle and late Qing Dynasty,and the spiritual world of the people and the social conditions then.